scholarly journals A Reference Architecture for Blockchain-Based Crowdsourcing Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-958
Author(s):  
Yiwei Gong ◽  
Sélinde van Engelenburg ◽  
Marijn Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Design Science Research ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Search Friction ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Gain Access

Companies increasingly tender knowledge-intensive tasks using crowdsourcing platforms to gain access to scarce knowledge and skills otherwise out of reach, and in this way, gaining competitive advantage. Despite its potential, existing crowdsourcing platforms encounter several challenges, including (1) fragmentation of expertise, as there are many platforms, (2) distrust between task providers and crowdsourcing participants, as identity and past performance are often not known, and (3) inability to learn from experience due to a lack of openness. A reference architecture for blockchain-based knowledge-intensive crowdsourcing platforms to mediate transactions between demand and supply of knowledge is designed in this paper to overcome these challenges. A design science research method is followed to develop the architecture. The reference architecture shows how blockchain and smart contract components can be integrated to support and coordinate knowledge-intensive crowdsourcing activities. By removing traditional e-commerce intermediaries, blockchain reduces search friction, knowledge transfer costs, and cheating by task providers or crowdsourcing participants.

scholarly journals Semantically Enriching the Knowledge Payload of Knowledge Objects Through the Utilization of Knowledge Object Wrappers

10.28945/4590 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertus A. K. Buitendag ◽  
Frederik Gerhardus Hattingh
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Design Science Research ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Brokers ◽  
Knowledge Object ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Aim/Purpose: In this research the authors present the designs of three different knowledge object meta-data wrapper models as a supportive technology to assist the knowledge intensive operations of a network of knowledge, such as a living lab. Background: Within any knowledge driven network environment there is a need to increase the corporate knowledge capacity of the network. The role of experts and knowledge brokers are emphasized, and the exchange of knowledge based on prior experiences informing corporate memories of the members, is the departure point of this research. Methodology: The primary research method applied is that of the design science research methodology supported by experience and application research and the literature. Contribution: Three different metadata models are presented that will when implemented support the informing process within the network of knowledge. The models are grounded on the utilization of metadata elements composing of various key descriptors as found in activity theory and normal means of heuristic enquiry which entail common questions. The elements are annotated and fur-ther enriched using standard JSON-LD IRI pairs. The presented models expand on the extant knowledge of the use of metadata annotations and present a novel way in encapsulating the corporate memories of knowledge workers in the form of knowledge object wrappers. Findings: The results of the evaluation process of the design science research methodolo-gy applied, showed that there is a consensus that the use of knowledge object wrappers as additional metadata, containers could enhance the knowledge ca-pacity and efficiency of a LL and in particular the knowledge brokers.

Trust but Verify: The Oracle Paradox of Blockchain Smart Contracts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Albizri ◽  
Deniz Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Independent Verification ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Control Application

Although research shows that blockchain provides fairly immutable virtual provenance workflows, proof that the Blockchain accurately represents physical events lacks truly independent verification. This dilemma, the Oracle Paradox, challenges blockchain architecture and is perhaps one reason why businesses have hesitated to adopt smart contracts. Blockchain proponents claim that people can serve as trusted Oracles in a smart contract. However, auditing research shows that people are the weak link in almost every internal control application, including those pertaining to blockchain. People are susceptible to collusion, bribery, error, and fraud and these tendencies are not entirely mitigated by blockchain technologies (Balagurusamy et al. 2019; Nakamoto 2008). This research proposes a framework to mitigate the paradox of the Oracle: A Business Process Management (BPM) model of a Blockchain Smart Contract-enabled Supply Chain with IoT as the sole "third-party" Oracle participant, utilizing Design Science research.

scholarly journals Identificando propriedades essenciais de registros eletrônicos de saúde

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Tuler de Albergaria ◽  
Marcello Peixoto Bax ◽  
Raquel Oliveira Prates ◽  
Zilma Silveira Nogueira Reis
Keyword(s):  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Design Science Research ◽  
Iso 13606

Introdução: Inserido no desafio de possibilitar a interação de profissionais da saúde com prontuários eletrônicos baseados na Norma ISO 13606 permitindo a personalização de interface ao mesmo tempo que se preserva a estrutura e padronização dos Sistemas de Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde (S-RES), o presente recorte objetiva caracterizar propriedades essenciais de S-RES - flexibilidade, padronização e estrutura e facilidade de interação - analisando-se três destes sistemas. Método: Utilizou-se o método de Design Science Research que busca gerar conhecimento teórico a partir da resolução de um problema prático (identificado no contexto da investigação mais ampla). Mais especificamente, no objetivo explicitado neste recorte, efetivou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre os requisitos existentes e dificuldades dos usuários dos sistemas S-RES, seguida de um levantamento e caracterização das propriedades essenciais dos S-RES e do estabelecimento de critérios de análise. O método de inspeção completa a proposta metodológica, visto que as questões (que indicam os critérios) foram apresentadas a dois especialistas para a análise dos Sistemas. Resultados: No recorte proposto, as propriedades levantadas como essenciais dos sistemas foram caracterizadas e analisadas em três S-RES. Confirmou-se a importância das propriedades essenciais destes tipos de sistemas, ainda que verifique a dificuldade de serem atendidas em um mesmo sistema. Conclusão: Os desafios postos aos S-RES não são pontuais ou mesmo de um contexto de uso. Como trabalho futuro propõe-se a criação de um modelo de interface extensível de interface para sistemas de Registro Eletrônico de Saúde baseados na ISO 13606.

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