scholarly journals Ceramic Material Processing Towards Future Space Habitat: Electric Current-Assisted Sintering of Lunar Regolith Simulant

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4128
Author(s):  
Xin Li Phuah ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Bruce Zhang ◽  
Jaehun Cho ◽  
Xinghang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Lunar Regolith Simulant ◽  
Functional Components

In situ utilization of available resources in space is necessary for future space habitation. However, direct sintering of the lunar regolith on the Moon as structural and functional components is considered to be challenging due to the sintering conditions. To address this issue, we demonstrate the use of electric current-assisted sintering (ECAS) as a single-step method of compacting and densifying lunar regolith simulant JSC-1A. The sintering temperature and pressure required to achieve a relative density of 97% and microhardness of 6 GPa are 700 °C and 50 MPa, which are significantly lower than for the conventional sintering technique. The sintered samples also demonstrated ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. This study presents the feasibility of using ECAS to sinter lunar regolith for future space resource utilization and habitation.

In-situ resource utilization: Ferrosilicon and SiC production from BP-1 lunar regolith simulant via carbothermal reduction

2022 ◽  
pp. 105414
Author(s):  
Michail Samouhos ◽  
Petros Tsakiridis ◽  
Magued Iskander ◽  
Maria Taxiarchou ◽  
Konstantinos Betsis
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Lunar Regolith Simulant

scholarly journals Mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured lunar regolith simulant components

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Goulas ◽  
Jon GP Binner ◽  
Daniel S Engstrøm ◽  
Russell A Harris ◽  
Ross J Friel
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Lunar Regolith Simulant

Additive manufacturing and its related techniques have frequently been put forward as a promising candidate for planetary in-situ manufacturing, from building life-sustaining habitats on the Moon to fabricating various replacements parts, aiming to support future extra-terrestrial human activity. This paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of lunar regolith simulant material components, which is a potential future space engineering material, manufactured by a laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system. The influence of laser energy input during processing was associated with the evolution of component porosity, measured via optical and scanning electron microscopy in combination with gas expansion pycnometry. The compressive strength performance and Vickers micro-hardness of the components were analysed and related back to the processing history and resultant microstructure of the lunar regolith simulant build material. Fabricated structures exhibited a relative porosity of 44–49% and densities ranging from 1.76 to 2.3 g cm−3, with a maximum compressive strength of 4.2 ± 0.1 MPa and elastic modulus of 287.3 ± 6.6 MPa, the former is comparable to a typical masonry clay brick (3.5 MPa). The additive manufacturing parts also had an average hardness value of 657 ± 14 HV0.05/15, better than borosilicate glass (580 HV). This study has shed significant insight into realising the potential of a laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process to deliver functional engineering assets via in-situ and abundant material sources that can be potentially used for future engineering applications in aerospace and astronautics.

scholarly journals In situ formation of zinc oxide on bamboo bleached pulp in preparation of antibacterial paper: Effect of precursors addition

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6121-6134
Author(s):  
Zakiah Sobri ◽  
Ainun Zuriyati Mohamed Asa'ari ◽  
Norzita Yacob ◽  
Paik San H'ng ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Step Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shaped Particle ◽  
Scanning Electron

An approach of green in situ synthesis single-step method was applied to produce antibacterial paper. The objective was to investigate the effect of precursor addition on the formation of zinc oxide particles using an in situ single-step method. Zinc chloride concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 M were prepared and added into a solution of algae extract and bamboo pulp. The prepared pulps were tested and made into handsheets using a papermaking machine based on TAPPI T205 (2006). Morphological observation of treated papers was conducted using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). An average of 400 to 570 nm zinc oxide spherical-shaped particle was observed on the fibers of paper. The percentage of element composition of the treated paper were 15.08% to 34.08% of zinc and 17.45% to 32.59% of oxygen captured via scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis. The crystallinity test was performed using X-ray dispersion (XRD). A higher percentage of precursors exhibited a more amorphous structure. A measurement of more than 30% increment of inhibition zone was obtained from 10.00 to 25.00 mm against S. aureus, S. choleraesuis, and E. coli. Precursors addition of more than 0.3 M would have the most potential to enhance the growth of zinc oxide via in situ preparation, hence providing better antibacterial properties of the prepared papers.

Characterization of H2O transport through Johnson Space Center number 1A lunar regolith simulant at low pressure for in-situ resource utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 037117
Author(s):  
Garrett L. Schieber ◽  
Brant M. Jones ◽  
Thomas M. Orlando ◽  
Peter G. Loutzenhiser
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Lunar Regolith Simulant

Effect of Process Parameters on the Electrically-Assisted Sintered Iron-Copper Powder Metals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Ragai ◽  
Matt Schwabenbauer ◽  
Seray Eser ◽  
Michael Müller
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Copper Powder ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Sintered Iron ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Microstructure Examination

Electric-current-assisted sintering (ECAS) is a novel process that can potentially replace the conventional sintering method. It is hypothesized that the process can reduce the sintering time and can be used in situ; thus, can be more cost effective. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of direct current on the sintered properties of iron-copper powder metal. Experiments were conducted at various conditions to determine the optimal process parameters for this particular powder metal. The parameters investigated were electric current levels and energizing time. Experiments also included sintering the powder using a conventional furnace. Samples from both types of experiments were compared to determine the metallurgical differences due to the sintering process. Mechanical and microstructure examination were conducted to aid in determining the feasibility of ECAS.

Purification of Urokinase from Complex Mixtures Using Immobilized Monoclonal Antibody Against Urokinase Light Chain

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 024-027 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vetterlein ◽  
Gary J Calton
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Single Step ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tissue Culture Media

SummaryThe preparation of a monoclonal antibody (MAB) against high molecular weight (HMW) urokinase light chain (20,000 Mr) is described. This MAB was immobilized and the resulting immunosorbent was used to isolate urokinase starting with an impure commercial preparation, fresh urine, spent tissue culture media, or E. coli broth without preliminary dialysis or concentration steps. Monospecific antibodies appear to provide a rapid single step method of purifying urokinase, in high yield, from a variety of biological fluids.

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