scholarly journals In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7260
Author(s):  
Anna Martín Vilardell ◽  
Pavel Krakhmalev ◽  
Ina Yadroitsava ◽  
Igor Yadroitsev ◽  
Natalia Garcia-Giralt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Cu Content

The intensive cytotoxicity of pure copper is effectively kills bacteria, but it can compromise cellular behavior, so a rational balance must be found for Cu-loaded implants. In the present study, the individual and combined effect of surface composition and roughness on osteoblast cell behavior of in situ alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu obtained by laser powder bed fusion was studied. Surface composition was studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Surface roughness measurements were carried out using confocal microscopy. In vitro osteoblast performance was evaluated by means of cell morphology observation of cell viability, proliferation, and mineralization. In vitro studies were performed at 1, 7, and 14 days of cell culture, except for cell mineralization at 28 days, on grounded and as-built (rough) samples with and without 3 at.% Cu. The addition of 3 at.% Cu did not show cell cytotoxicity but inhibited cell proliferation. Cell mineralization tends to be higher for samples with 3 at.% Cu content. Surface roughness inhibited cell proliferation too, but showed enhanced cell mineralization capacity and therefore, higher osteoblast performance, especially when as-built samples contained 3 at.% Cu. Cell proliferation was only observed on ground samples without Cu but showed the lowest cell mineralization.

scholarly journals On the Relevance of Volumetric Energy Density in the Investigation of Inconel 718 Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Caiazzo ◽  
Vittorio Alfieri ◽  
Giuseppe Casalino
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Fractional Density ◽  
Experimental Variation

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can fabricate products with tailored mechanical and surface properties. In fact, surface texture, roughness, pore size, the resulting fractional density, and microhardness highly depend on the processing conditions, which are very difficult to deal with. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the relevance of the volumetric energy density (VED) that is a concise index of some governing factors with a potential operational use. This paper proves the fact that the observed experimental variation in the surface roughness, number and size of pores, the fractional density, and Vickers hardness can be explained in terms of VED that can help the investigator in dealing with several process parameters at once.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cu Content and Surface Finish on the Metal Dusting Resistance of Additively Manufactured NiCu Alloys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Jahns ◽  
Anke S. Ulrich ◽  
Clara Schlereth ◽  
Lukas Reiff ◽  
Ulrich Krupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Metal Dusting ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Roughness Measurement ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Binary Model ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
Nicu Alloys

AbstractDue to the inhibiting behavior of Cu, NiCu alloys represent an interesting candidate in carburizing atmospheres. However, manufacturing by conventional casting is limited. It is important to know whether the corrosion behavior of conventionally and additively manufactured parts differ. Samples of binary NiCu alloys and Monel Alloy 400 were generated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and exposed to a carburizing atmosphere (20 vol% CO–20% H2–1% H2O–8% CO2–51% Ar) at 620 °C and 18 bar for 960 h. Powders and printed samples were investigated using several analytic techniques such as EPMA, SEM, and roughness measurement. Grinding of the material after building (P1200 grit surface finish) generally reduced the metal dusting attack. Comparing the different compositions, a much lower attack was found in the case of the binary model alloys, whereas the technical Monel Alloy 400 showed a four orders of magnitude higher mass loss during exposure despite its Cu content of more than 30 wt%.

On the use of spatter signature for in-situ monitoring of Laser Powder Bed Fusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Repossini ◽  
Vittorio Laguzza ◽  
Marco Grasso ◽  
Bianca Maria Colosimo
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed

Titanium Alloys Manufactured by In Situ Alloying During Laser Powder Bed Fusion

JOM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2725-2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yadroitsev ◽  
P. Krakhmalev ◽  
I. Yadroitsava
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed

High-precision laser powder bed fusion processing of pure copper

2021 ◽  
pp. 102417
Author(s):  
Shuo Qu ◽  
Junhao Ding ◽  
Jin Fu ◽  
Mingwang Fu ◽  
Baicheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed

scholarly journals In Situ Analysis of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Using Simultaneous High-Speed Infrared and X-ray Imaging

JOM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gould ◽  
Sarah Wolff ◽  
Niranjan Parab ◽  
Cang Zhao ◽  
Maria Cinta Lorenzo-Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

In-Situ Monitoring of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Anomalies via a Comprehensive Analysis of Off-Axis Camera Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Krishna Prasad Vallabh ◽  
Yubo Xiong ◽  
Xiayun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Video Data ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Powder Bed

Abstract In-situ monitoring of a Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing process is crucial in enhancing the process efficiency and ensuring the built part integrity. In this work, we present an in-situ monitoring method using an off-axis camera for monitoring layer-wise process anomalies. The in-situ monitoring is performed with a spatial resolution of 512 × 512 pixels, with each pixel representing 250 × 250 μm and a relatively high data acquisition rate of 500 Hz. An experimental study is conducted by using the developed in-situ off-axis method for monitoring the build process for a standard tensile bar. Real-time video data is acquired for each printed layer. Data analytics methods are developed to identify layer-wise anomalies, observe powder bed characteristics, reconstruct 3D part structure, and track the spatter dynamics. A deep neural network architecture is trained using the acquired layer-wise images and tested by images embedded with artificial anomalies. The real-time video data is also used to perform a preliminary spatter analysis along the laser scan path. The developed methodology is aimed to extract as much information as possible from a single set of camera video data. It will provide the AM community with an efficient and capable process monitoring tool for process control and quality assurance while using LPBF to produce high-standard components in industrial (such as, aerospace and biomedical industries) applications.

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