scholarly journals Trans-Sasakian 3-Manifolds with Reeb Flow Invariant Ricci Operator

Mathematics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Ximin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sectional Curvature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sasakian Manifold ◽  
Constant Sectional Curvature ◽  
Ricci Operator ◽  
Cosymplectic Manifold

Let M be a three-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifold of type ( α , β ) . In this paper, we obtain that the Ricci operator of M is invariant along Reeb flow if and only if M is an α -Sasakian manifold, cosymplectic manifold or a space of constant sectional curvature. Applying this, we give a new characterization of proper trans-Sasakian 3-manifolds.

scholarly journals Para-CR structures on almost paracontact metric manifolds

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wełyczko
Keyword(s):  
Sectional Curvature ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Sasakian Manifold ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Constant Sectional Curvature ◽  
Conformally Flat ◽  
Cr Manifolds ◽  
Cosymplectic Manifolds ◽  
Cr Structures ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

AbstractAlmost paracontact metric manifolds are the famous examples of almost para-CR manifolds. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for such manifolds to be para-CR. Next we examine these conditions in certain subclasses of almost paracontact metric manifolds. Especially, it is shown that normal almost paracontact metric manifolds are para-CR. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for paracontact metric manifolds as well as for almost para-cosymplectic manifolds to be para-CR. We find also basic curvature identities for para-CR paracontact metric manifolds and study their consequences. Among others, we prove that any para-CR paracontact metric manifold of constant sectional curvature and of dimension greater than 3 must be para-Sasakian and its curvature equal to -1. The last assertion does not hold in dimension 3. We show that a conformally flat para-Sasakian manifold is of constant sectional curvature equal to -1. New classes of examples of para-CR manifolds are established.

scholarly journals Indefinite Almost Paracontact Metric Manifolds

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukut Mani Tripathi ◽  
Erol Kılıç ◽  
Selcen Yüksel Perktaş ◽  
Sadık Keleş
Keyword(s):  
Riemannian Manifold ◽  
Sectional Curvature ◽  
Curvature Tensor ◽  
Ricci Tensor ◽  
Sasakian Manifold ◽  
Constant Sectional Curvature ◽  
Sasakian Manifolds ◽  
Sasakian Structure

We introduce the concept of (ε)-almost paracontact manifolds, and in particular, of (ε)-para-Sasakian manifolds. Several examples are presented. Some typical identities for curvature tensor and Ricci tensor of (ε)-para Sasakian manifolds are obtained. We prove that if a semi-Riemannian manifold is one of flat, proper recurrent or proper Ricci-recurrent, then it cannot admit an (ε)-para Sasakian structure. We show that, for an (ε)-para Sasakian manifold, the conditions of being symmetric, semi-symmetric, or of constant sectional curvature are all identical. It is shown that a symmetric spacelike (resp., timelike) (ε)-para Sasakian manifoldMnis locally isometric to a pseudohyperbolic spaceHνn(1)(resp., pseudosphereSνn(1)). At last, it is proved that for an (ε)-para Sasakian manifold the conditions of being Ricci-semi-symmetric, Ricci-symmetric, and Einstein are all identical.

Certain results on trans-paraSasakian 3-manifolds

Analysis ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aruna Kumara ◽  
V. Venkatesha ◽  
Devaraja Mallesha Naik
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Sectional Curvature ◽  
Constant Sectional Curvature ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Ricci Operator ◽  
Reeb Vector ◽  
Reeb Vector Field ◽  
Negative Constant ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Abstract Let M be a trans-paraSasakian 3-manifold. In this paper, the necessary and sufficient condition for the Reeb vector field of a trans-paraSasakian 3-manifold to be harmonic is obtained. Also, it is proved that the Ricci operator of M is invariant along the Reeb flow if and only if M is a paracosymplectic manifold, an α-paraSasakian manifold or a space of negative constant sectional curvature.

scholarly journals A note on trans-Sasakian manifolds

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharief Deshmukh ◽  
Mukut Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Sasakian Manifold ◽  
Sasakian Manifolds ◽  
Cosymplectic Manifold ◽  
3 Dimensional

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain some sufficient conditions for a 3-dimensional compact trans-Sasakian manifold of type (α, β) to be homothetic to a Sasakian manifold. A characterization of a 3-dimensional cosymplectic manifold is also obtained.

scholarly journals On three-dimensional (m,ρ)-quasi-Einstein N(k)-contact metric manifold

Filomat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 2801-2809
Author(s):  
Avijit Sarkar ◽  
Uday De ◽  
Gour Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Sectional Curvature ◽  
Einstein Manifold ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Constant Sectional Curvature ◽  
Contact Metric Manifold ◽  
Contact Metric Manifolds

(m,?)-quasi-Einstein N(k)-contact metric manifolds have been studied and it is established that if such a manifold is a (m,?)-quasi-Einstein manifold, then the manifold is a manifold of constant sectional curvature k. Further analysis has been done for gradient Einstein soliton, in particular. Obtained results are supported by an illustrative example.

Characterization of photosystem II with the atomic-force microscope

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1146-1147
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Marr ◽  
Mary K. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Oxygen Evolving ◽  
Averaging Techniques

Photosystem II (PSII) is different from all other reaction centers in that it splits water to evolve oxygen and hydrogen ions. This unique ability to evolve oxygen is partly due to three oxygen evolving polypeptides (OEPs) associated with the PSII complex. Freeze etching on grana derived insideout membranes revealed that the OEPs contribute to the observed tetrameric nature of the PSIl particle; when the OEPs are removed, a distinct dimer emerges. Thus, the surface of the PSII complex changes dramatically upon removal of these polypeptides. The atomic force microscope (AFM) is ideal for examining surface topography. The instrument provides a topographical view of individual PSII complexes, giving relatively high resolution three-dimensional information without image averaging techniques. In addition, the use of a fluid cell allows a biologically active sample to be maintained under fully hydrated and physiologically buffered conditions. The OEPs associated with PSII may be sequentially removed, thereby changing the surface of the complex by one polypeptide at a time.

convergent-beam diffraction from surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
J. A. Eades ◽  
A. E. Smith ◽  
D. F. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Plane Figure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Patterns ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It is quite simple (in the transmission electron microscope) to obtain convergent-beam patterns from the surface of a bulk crystal. The beam is focussed onto the surface at near grazing incidence (figure 1) and if the surface is flat the appropriate pattern is obtained in the diffraction plane (figure 2). Such patterns are potentially valuable for the characterization of surfaces just as normal convergent-beam patterns are valuable for the characterization of crystals.There are, however, several important ways in which reflection diffraction from surfaces differs from the more familiar electron diffraction in transmission.GeometryIn reflection diffraction, because of the surface, it is not possible to describe the specimen as periodic in three dimensions, nor is it possible to associate diffraction with a conventional three-dimensional reciprocal lattice.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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