scholarly journals Monitoring Biofouling Potential Using ATP-Based Bacterial Growth Potential in SWRO Pre-Treatment of a Full-Scale Plant

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Almotasembellah Abushaban ◽  
Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Moses Kapala ◽  
Delia Pastorelli ◽  
Jan C. Schippers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Particulate Fouling ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Modified Fouling Index

Several potential growth methods have been developed to monitor biological/organic fouling potential in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), but to date the correlation between these methods and biofouling of SWRO has not been demonstrated. In this research, the relation between a new adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-based bacterial growth potential (BGP) test of SWRO feed water and SWRO membrane performance is investigated. For this purpose, the pre-treatment of a full-scale SWRO plant including dissolved air flotation (DAF) and two stage dual media filtration (DMF) was monitored for 5 months using BGP, orthophosphate, organic fractions by liquid chromatography coupled with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), silt density index (SDI), and modified fouling index (MFI). Results showed that particulate fouling potential was well controlled through the SWRO pre-treatment as the measured SDI and MFI in the SWRO feed water were below the recommended values. DAF in combination with coagulation (1–5 mg-Fe3+/L) consistently achieved 70% removal of orthophosphate, 50% removal of BGP, 25% removal of biopolymers, and 10% removal of humic substances. Higher BGP (100–950 µg-C/L) in the SWRO feed water corresponded to a higher normalized pressure drop in the SWRO, suggesting the applicability of using BGP as a biofouling indicator in SWRO systems. However, to validate this conclusion, more SWRO plants with different pre-treatment systems need to be monitored for longer periods of time.

scholarly journals Measuring Biofouling Potential in SWRO Plants with a Flow-Cytometry-Based Bacterial Growth Potential Method

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Nirajan Dhakal ◽  
Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Joshua Ampah ◽  
Jan C. Schippers ◽  
Maria D. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Pre Treatment

Measuring the bacterial growth potential of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) feed water is an issue that is receiving growing attention. This study developed and demonstrated the applicability of the flow-cytometry (FCM)-based bacterial growth potential (BGP) method to assess the biofouling potential in SWRO systems using natural microbial consortium. This method is relatively fast (2–3 days) compared to conventional bioassays. The effect of the potential introduction of nutrients during measurement has been studied thoroughly to achieve the lowest measure value of about 45,000 cells/mL, which is equivalent to about (10 µg-C glucose/L). The BGP method was applied in two full-scale SWRO plants that included (i) dissolved air flotation (DAF) and ultra-filtration (UF); (ii) dual-media filtration (DMF) and cartridge filter (CF), which were compared with the cleaning frequency of the plants. A significant reduction (54%) in BGP was observed through DAF–UF as pre-treatment (with 0.5 mg Fe3+/L), while there was a 40% reduction by DMF–CF (with 0.8 mg Fe3+/L). In terms of the absolute number, the SWRO feed water after DAF–UF supports 1.5 × 106 cells/mL, which is 1.25 times higher than after DMF–CF. This corresponds to the higher cleaning-in-place (CIP) frequency of SWRO with DAF–UF compared to DMF–CF as pre-treatment, indicating that the BGP method has an added value in monitoring the biofouling potential in SWRO systems.

scholarly journals Assessing Pretreatment Effectiveness for Particulate, Organic and Biological Fouling in a Full-Scale SWRO Desalination Plant

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Almotasembellah Abushaban ◽  
Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Delia Pastorelli ◽  
Jan C. Schippers ◽  
Subhanjan Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Particulate Fouling ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Pretreatment Processes

In this study, the removal of particulate, organic and biological fouling potential was investigated in the two-stage dual media filtration (DMF) pretreatment of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant. Moreover, the removal of fouling potential in two-stage DMF (DMF pretreatment) was compared with the removal in two-stage DMF installed after dissolved air floatation (DAF) (DAF-DMF pretreatment). For this purpose, the silt density index (SDI), modified fouling index (MFI), bacterial growth potential (BGP), organic fractions and microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were monitored in the pretreatment processes of two full-scale SWRO plants. Particulate fouling potential was well controlled through the two stages of DMF with significant removal of SDI15 (>80%), MFI0.45 (94%) and microbial ATP (>95%). However, lower removal of biological/organic fouling potential (24–41%) was observed due to frequent chlorination (weekly) of the pretreatment, resulting in low biological activity in the DMFs. Therefore, neutralizing chlorine before media filtration is advised, rather than after, as is the current practice in many full-scale SWRO plants. Comparing overall removal in the DAF-DMF pretreatment to that of the DMF pretreatment showed that DAF improved the removal of biological/organic fouling potential, in which the removal of BGP and biopolymers increased by 40% and 16%, respectively. Overall, monitoring ATP and BGP during the pretreatment processes, particularly in DMF, would be beneficial to enhance biological degradation and lower biofouling potential in SWRO feed water.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of ATP in seawater and application of ATP to monitor bacterial growth potential in SWRO pre-treatment systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almotasembellah Abushaban ◽  
M. Nasir Mangal ◽  
Sergio. G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Chidiebere Nnebuo ◽  
Subhanjan Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Assessing pretreatment and seawater reverse osmosis performance using an ATP-based bacterial growth potential method

Desalination ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almotasembellah Abushaban ◽  
Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Nirajan Dhakal ◽  
Jan C. Schippers ◽  
Maria D. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis

scholarly journals Measuring Bacterial Growth Potential of Ultra-Low Nutrient Drinking Water Produced by Reverse Osmosis: Effect of Sample Pre-treatment and Bacterial Inoculum

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohaned Sousi ◽  
Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Jan C. Schippers ◽  
Maria D. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum ◽  
Pre Treatment

SWRO pre-treatment design and operation using Enflo-DAF™ technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Amato ◽  
Kuem-Seo Park ◽  
Wonkyu Yim ◽  
Tschungil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Design ◽  
Dissolved Air

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the design for both the full scale and pilot scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) pre-treatment plant comprising Enflo-DAF™ dissolved air flotation (DAF) technology and dual media filtration (DMF) proposed and operating respectively at Ras Al Khair site in Saudi Arabia. The application of both DAF and DMF in the municipal water industry is regarded as well established; however the application of DAF to the treatment of seawater particularly at elevated temperatures and which is also prone to Red Tide or severe algae events is relatively new and there is a limited amount of experience in this area.

Enhanced pre-coat engineering (EPCE®) for micro- and ultrafiltration: steps to full-scale application

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Galjaard ◽  
J.C. Kruithof ◽  
H. Scheerman ◽  
J. Verdouw ◽  
J.C. Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Flux Rate ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

Ultrafiltration of surface water without pre-treatment frequently suffers from high fouling rates and irreversible fouling. Enhanced pre-coat engineering (EPCE) has been developed with the aim to enable ultrafiltration plants to treat surface water directly at high and stable flux rates. In this study in-line coagulation with ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride and EPCE are compared on pilot scale using capillary membranes with IJssel Lake water as feed water. The in-line coagulation experiments resulted in relatively low flux rates and irreversible fouling, whereas EPCE enabled us to achieve a flux rate of 100 l/(h.m2) and a dosage of less than 25 g/m3. However, a couple of technical questions need to be answered before fullscale application can be implemented with all types of ultrafiltration systems.

A systematic approach for the assessment of bacterial growth-controlling factors linked to biological stability of drinking water in distribution systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Prest ◽  
F. Hammes ◽  
S. Kötzsch ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
J. S. Vrouwenvelder
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Biological Stability

A systematic approach is presented for the assessment of (i) bacterial growth-controlling factors in drinking water and (ii) the impact of distribution conditions on the extent of bacterial growth in full-scale distribution systems. The approach combines (i) quantification of changes in autochthonous bacterial cell concentrations in full-scale distribution systems with (ii) laboratory-scale batch bacterial growth potential tests of drinking water samples under defined conditions. The growth potential tests were done by direct incubation of water samples, without modification of the original bacterial flora, and with flow cytometric quantification of bacterial growth. This method was shown to be reproducible (ca. 4% relative standard deviation) and sensitive (detection of bacterial growth down to 5 µg L−1 of added assimilable organic carbon). The principle of step-wise assessment of bacterial growth-controlling factors was demonstrated on bottled water, shown to be primarily carbon limited at 133 (±18) × 103 cells mL−1 and secondarily limited by inorganic nutrients at 5,500 (±1,700) × 103 cells mL−1. Analysis of the effluent of a Dutch full-scale drinking water treatment plant showed (1) bacterial growth inhibition as a result of end-point chlorination, (2) organic carbon limitation at 192 (±72) × 103 cells mL−1 and (3) inorganic nutrient limitation at 375 (±31) × 103 cells mL−1. Significantly lower net bacterial growth was measured in the corresponding full-scale distribution system (176 (±25) × 103 cells mL−1) than in the laboratory-scale growth potential test of the same water (294 (±35) × 103 cells mL−1), highlighting the influence of distribution on bacterial growth. The systematic approach described herein provides quantitative information on the effect of drinking water properties and distribution system conditions on biological stability, which can assist water utilities in decision-making on treatment or distribution system improvements to better control bacterial growth during water distribution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document