Enhanced pre-coat engineering (EPCE®) for micro- and ultrafiltration: steps to full-scale application

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Galjaard ◽  
J.C. Kruithof ◽  
H. Scheerman ◽  
J. Verdouw ◽  
J.C. Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Flux Rate ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

Ultrafiltration of surface water without pre-treatment frequently suffers from high fouling rates and irreversible fouling. Enhanced pre-coat engineering (EPCE) has been developed with the aim to enable ultrafiltration plants to treat surface water directly at high and stable flux rates. In this study in-line coagulation with ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride and EPCE are compared on pilot scale using capillary membranes with IJssel Lake water as feed water. The in-line coagulation experiments resulted in relatively low flux rates and irreversible fouling, whereas EPCE enabled us to achieve a flux rate of 100 l/(h.m2) and a dosage of less than 25 g/m3. However, a couple of technical questions need to be answered before fullscale application can be implemented with all types of ultrafiltration systems.

scholarly journals Monitoring Biofouling Potential Using ATP-Based Bacterial Growth Potential in SWRO Pre-Treatment of a Full-Scale Plant

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Almotasembellah Abushaban ◽  
Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Moses Kapala ◽  
Delia Pastorelli ◽  
Jan C. Schippers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Particulate Fouling ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Modified Fouling Index

Several potential growth methods have been developed to monitor biological/organic fouling potential in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), but to date the correlation between these methods and biofouling of SWRO has not been demonstrated. In this research, the relation between a new adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-based bacterial growth potential (BGP) test of SWRO feed water and SWRO membrane performance is investigated. For this purpose, the pre-treatment of a full-scale SWRO plant including dissolved air flotation (DAF) and two stage dual media filtration (DMF) was monitored for 5 months using BGP, orthophosphate, organic fractions by liquid chromatography coupled with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), silt density index (SDI), and modified fouling index (MFI). Results showed that particulate fouling potential was well controlled through the SWRO pre-treatment as the measured SDI and MFI in the SWRO feed water were below the recommended values. DAF in combination with coagulation (1–5 mg-Fe3+/L) consistently achieved 70% removal of orthophosphate, 50% removal of BGP, 25% removal of biopolymers, and 10% removal of humic substances. Higher BGP (100–950 µg-C/L) in the SWRO feed water corresponded to a higher normalized pressure drop in the SWRO, suggesting the applicability of using BGP as a biofouling indicator in SWRO systems. However, to validate this conclusion, more SWRO plants with different pre-treatment systems need to be monitored for longer periods of time.

Direct capillary nanofiltration for ground water and surface water treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Q.J.C. Verberk ◽  
J. Post ◽  
W.G.J. van der Meer ◽  
J.C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Cake Filtration ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Concentration Polarisation

Capillary nanofiltration is a new concept in membrane filtration. This technique combines the advantages of the good water quality obtained from nanofiltration membranes with the easy hydraulic cleaning of capillary membranes. Direct capillary nanofiltration can be used to treat ground water or surface water without pre-treatment. At the Delft University of Technology several MSc-thesis projects have been carried out on this subject. This paper will describe some results of these studies. A model based on a mass balance to predict the flux of a capillary nanofiltration installation treating groundwater is proposed. In this model the only resistance taken into account is the concentration polarisation. Also a model to predict the flux when treating surface water has been developed. This model takes into account the resistance due to cake filtration.

Pilot scale investigation of coagulation combined with ozonation and pH adjustment in treatment of NOM rich water

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tubić ◽  
J. Agbaba ◽  
J. Molnar Jazić ◽  
M. Watson ◽  
B. Dalmacija
Keyword(s):  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

This paper presents the results of a pilot scale investigation of coagulation using aluminium based coagulants (polyaluminium chloride sulphate (PACL1) and polyaluminium chloride (PACL2)), combined with pre-ozonation and pH adjustment, on natural organic matter (NOM) removal from groundwater. Tests were conducted at a semi-industrial pilot plant, using groundwater with a high content of NOM (5.1 ± 0.8 mg C/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC); 0.211 ± 0.007 cm−1 UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254)) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP (273 ± 73 μg/L)). It was determined that both coagulants showed similar efficacy in reducing DOC (∼50%), UV254 (∼60%) and THMFP (∼65%). Application of pre-ozonation enhanced total coagulation efficiency (up to 61% and 80% for DOC and UV254, respectively), probably due to its microflocculation effect. THMFP in the treated water fluctuated depending on ozone dose, coagulant type and pH. The pre-treatment resulted in NOM oxidation to lower molecular weight hydrophilic organic substances. PACL1 coagulation did not efficiently remove these new THM precursors, whereas PACL2 was able to reduce THMFP to 77 μg/L at a low ozone dose of 0.4 mg O3/mg DOC, suggesting differences in the coagulation mechanism for the two coagulants. This difference confirms the necessity of optimizing the combined treatment depending upon the choice of coagulant applied.

Implementation of in-line infrared monitor in full-scale anaerobic digestion process

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Spanjers ◽  
J.C. Bouvier ◽  
P. Steenweg ◽  
I. Bisschops ◽  
W. van Gils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
On Line ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Level

During start up but also during normal operation, anaerobic reactor systems should be run and monitored carefully to secure trouble-free operation, because the process is vulnerable to disturbances such as temporary overloading, biomass wash out and influent toxicity. The present method of monitoring is usually by manual sampling and subsequent laboratory analysis. Data collection, processing and feedback to system operation is manual and ad hoc, and involves high-level operator skills and attention. As a result, systems tend to be designed at relatively conservative design loading rates resulting in significant over-sizing of reactors and thus increased systems cost. It is therefore desirable to have on-line and continuous access to performance data on influent and effluent quality. Relevant variables to indicate process performance include VFA, COD, alkalinity, sulphate, and, if aerobic post-treatment is considered, total nitrogen, ammonia and nitrate. Recently, mid-IR spectrometry was demonstrated on a pilot scale to be suitable for in-line simultaneous measurement of these variables. This paper describes a full-scale application of the technique to test its ability to monitor continuously and without human intervention the above variables simultaneously in two process streams. For VFA, COD, sulphate, ammonium and TKN good agreement was obtained between in-line and manual measurements. During a period of six months the in-line measurements had to be interrupted several times because of clogging. It appeared that the sample pre-treatment unit was not able to cope with high solids concentrations all the time.

Effect of pre-coagulation on mitigating irreversible fouling during ultrafiltration of a surface water

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kimura ◽  
Y. Hane ◽  
Y. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Purification Plant

Membrane fouling can be divided into two types: reversible fouling and irreversible fouling. The former can be easily canceled by physical cleaning (e.g., backwashing) while the latter needs chemical cleaning to be mitigated. For more efficient use of membranes, the control of irreversible membrane fouling is of importance. In this study, the effectiveness of pre-coagulation/sedimentation on irreversible membrane fouling was investigated, based on the pilot-scale operation of the membrane unit installed at an existing water purification plant. The membrane employed was a low-pressure ultrafiltration (UF) membrane made of polysulfone and having a molecular weight cut-off of 750,000 daltons. Although pre-coagulation/sedimentation significantly mitigated membrane fouling mainly through the reduction of reversible membrane fouling, the degree of irreversible fouling was not reduced by the pre-treatment. This was because the irreversible fouling observed during this study was mainly attributed to polysaccharides/protein like fractions of organic substances that cannot be efficiently removed by coagulation/sedimentation. Aluminium used as coagulant was thought to cause irreversible fouling to some extent but did not in the pilot operation, which could probable be explained by the fact that coagulation was conducted at relatively high pH (7.0) in this study.

Depressed filtration ripening enhances removal of Cryptosporidium parvum

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gitis ◽  
R.C. Haught ◽  
R.M. Clark ◽  
E. Radha Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Granular Filtration ◽  
Electrostatic Adhesion ◽  
Innovative Concept

Pilot-scale experiments were conducted to investigate removal of Cryptosporidium parvum by contact granular filtration. The research demonstrated enhanced removal of Cryptosporidium parvum in the presence of kaolin particles. This is believed to be due electrostatic adhesion of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to the kaolin clay particles. The elementary physico-chemical interactions between filter granules and suspension particles will be discussed. This innovative concept was successfully implemented to reduce the ripening sequence of subsequent filtration experimental test runs by the addition of large surface area particles to slurry of kaolin and Cryptosporidium parvum in surface water.

Nanofiltration of colored surface water: Quebec's experience

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
P. Kouadio ◽  
M. Tétrault
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Eastern Canada

Three colored surface water nanofiltration pilot-scale projects were conducted in the province of Quebec (eastern Canada), between November 2000 and March 2002, by the company H2O Innovation (2000) inc., for the municipalities of Lac Bouchette, Latulipe-et-Gaboury and Charlesbourg (now part of Quebec City). Results indicated that nanofiltration permeate quality has an advance on present drinking water regulation standard in Quebec, but important membrane fouling occurred. Fouling can be controlled by pretreatment and optimization of the operating conditions.

Swine manure biogas production improvement using pre-treatment strategies: lab-scale studies and full-scale application

2021 ◽  
pp. 100716
Author(s):  
Deisi Cristina Tápparo ◽  
Daniela Cândido ◽  
Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz ◽  
Christian Etzkorn ◽  
André Cestonaro do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Pre Treatment

Upgrading of waterworks with a new biooxidation process for removal of manganese and iron

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hedberg ◽  
T. A. Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Treatment Water

The paper describes how waterworks can be upgraded by the use of microbiologically unit operations to make it possible to remove manganese from groundwater and surface water. Pilot plant studies and full-scale plant studies show that conventional oxidants as permanganate may be replaced by biooxidation thus reducing the use of chemicals in water treatment. Water containing high amounts of Fe and/or Mn and organic matter may be difficult to treat and pilot plant studies are therefore recommended. This study shows that one ground waterworks and one surface waterworks succed in removing manganese where previous treatment with permangante had failed.

Enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency in a dyestuff wastewater treatment plant with the IFFAS process: the pilot-scale and full-scale studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Mao ◽  
Xie Quan ◽  
Huimin Zhao ◽  
Yaobin Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Dyestuff Wastewater

Abstract The activated sludge (AS) process is widely applied in dyestuff wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); however, the nitrogen removal efficiency is relatively low and the effluent does not meet the indirect discharge standards before being discharged into the industrial park's WWTP. Hence it is necessary to upgrade the WWTP with more advanced technologies. Moving bed biofilm processes with suspended carriers in an aerobic tank are promising methods due to enhanced nitrification and denitrification. Herein, a pilot-scale integrated free-floating biofilm and activated sludge (IFFAS) process was employed to investigate the feasibility of enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The results showed that the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrate (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of the IFFAS process were significantly lower than those of the AS process, and could meet the indirect discharge standards. PCR-DGGE and FISH results indicated that more nitrifiers and denitrifiers co-existed in the IFFAS system, promoting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Based on the pilot results, the IFFAS process was used to upgrade the full-scale AS process, and the effluent COD, NH4+-N and TN of the IFFAS process were 91–291 mg/L, 10.6–28.7 mg/L and 18.9–48.6 mg/L, stably meeting the indirect discharge standards and demonstrating the advantages of IFFAS in dyestuff wastewater treatment.

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