Effects of Matte Grade on the Distribution of Minor Elements (Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Bi) in the Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Process

Abstract Experimental study on the phase equilibria between copper matte with silica-saturated iron silicate slags was conducted at 1300 °C and $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 = 0.5 atm. The high-temperature isothermal equilibration in silica crucibles under controlled flowing CO-CO2-SO2-Ar was followed by quenching in an ice–water mixture and direct phase composition analyses by an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer. The equilibrium compositions for matte and slag, as well as the distribution coefficients, were displayed as a function of matte grade. The data set obtained at $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 = 0.5 atm and the previous study at $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 = 0.1 atm by the authors enabled an investigation on the impacts of $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 as well as Al2O3 and CaO additions on phase equilibria in the multiphase copper matte smelting system. Thermodynamic calculations using MTDATA software were performed to compare the experimental results with modeling. The present results enrich the fundamental thermodynamic information for the matte/slag/tridymite/gas equilibria in the primary copper smelting process at high $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 .

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Experimental study of bottom blown oxygen copper smelting process for water model

10.1063/1.4812179 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dongxing Wang ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Zimu Zhang ◽

Pin Shao ◽

Ting'an Zhang

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Water Model ◽

Smelting Process

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Computer model of copper smelting process and distribution behaviors of accessory elements

Journal of Central South University of Technology ◽

10.1007/s11771-997-0027-y ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pengfu Tan ◽

Chuanfu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Computer Model ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Smelting Process

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The Distribution Rules of Element and Compound of Cobalt/Iron/Copper in the Converter Slag of Copper Smelting Process

Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts 2016 ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_146 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 1343-1350

Author(s):

Hongxu Li ◽

Ke Du ◽

Shi Sun ◽

Jiaqi Fan ◽

Chao Li

Keyword(s):

Converter Slag ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Smelting Process ◽

Distribution Rules ◽

Iron Copper ◽

Cobalt Iron

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Slag Investigations from Bronze Age Copper Smelting Sites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.608 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 891 ◽

pp. 608-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roland Haubner ◽

Susanne Strobl

Keyword(s):

Phase Diagram ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Phase Diagrams ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Equilibrium Phase ◽

Eastern Alps ◽

Copper Production ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Smelting Process ◽

Melting Properties

During the Bronze Age intensive mining and smelting activities for copper production took place in the Eastern Alps. To get information about the copper smelting process, the elemental compositions of slags are marked in equilibrium phase diagrams (e.g. FeO-CaO-SiO2) and so the melting properties can be estimated. Doing so you have to keep in mind that slags have complex compositions and phase diagrams are available for three compounds only. For the analytical measurements it has to be ensured that only molten parts of the slag are measured and not contamination of other ambient material. Spot and area measurements by SEM-EDX are useful to get realistic data. In this case a complete correlation between the image of the analyzed area, the microstructure and the chemical composition of the sample is necessary. For marking spots in the phase diagram the calculation method has to be described exactly. For our results we calculated the ratio FeO-SiO2-CaO(+MgO+Al2O3). From the morphology of the observed phases, their chemical composition and the data from the phase diagram a solidification sequence can be suggested. We recommend this method because measurements by e.g. XRF provide rather general composition values. If the slag samples are inhomogeneous, unrealistic melting points are read from the phase diagram. Inhomogeneities can be caused by soil contaminations, which are not part of the molten slag, or by corrosion, when some phases were attacked and changed during storage in soil.

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Online monitoring and assessment of energy efficiency for copper smelting process

Journal of Central South University ◽

10.1007/s11771-019-4162-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2149-2159

Author(s):

Zhuo Chen ◽

Zhen-yu Zhu ◽

Xiao-na Wang ◽

Yan-po Song

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Online Monitoring ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Smelting Process

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Control and Optimization of Negative Pressure in Scrap Copper Smelting

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.399 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 399-403

Author(s):

Ying Dao Li ◽

Wei Hong Zhong ◽

Hong Wei Guan ◽

Xiu Shui Ma

Keyword(s):

Pid Control ◽

Negative Pressure ◽

Control Method ◽

Control Variable ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Smelting Process ◽

Adjustment Process ◽

Optimization Control

Negative pressure is the main control variable in scrap copper smelting process, the control of negative pressure is not only closely related with producing safely, but also produces a direct impact on the quality of the anode plate, it is also a key breakthrough in energy saving. This paper first analyses the characteristics of negative pressure control in scrap copper smelting process, aims to larger overshoot and longer regulation under conventional PID control method, and then utilizes fuzzy control to correct the PID parameters online, to achieve the optimization control of negative pressure. Simulation result shows that the adjustment process of optimized control of negative pressure is steady and rapid, usually no or slightly overshoot, and the settling time is also reduced significantly.

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