scholarly journals Flexible Five-in-One Microsensor for Real-Time Wireless Microscopic Diagnosis inside Electric Motorcycle Fuel Cell Stack Range Extender

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Chi-Yuan Lee ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Ti-Ju Lee ◽  
John-Shong Cheong ◽  
Yi-Cheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Range Extender ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

The focus of research and development on electric motorcycle range extender are system integration and energy regulation and management but the present fuel cell stack range extender still has defects, such as large volume, heavy weight and high cost. Its volume and weight will have a strong impact on the endurance of electric motorcycle. The bipolar plate takes most volume and weight of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and it is the key component influencing the overall power density and cost. Therefore, how to thin and lighten the bipolar plate and to enhance the performance and life of PEMFC stack is an urgent research subject to be solved for the moment and will be the key to whether the PEMFC stack range extender can be put in the electric motorcycle or not. In addition, the internal temperature, humidity, flow, voltage and current in the operation of PEMFC stack will influence its performance and life and the overall performance and life of fuel cell stack will be directly influenced by different external operating conditions. As nonuniform distribution of temperature, humidity, flow, voltage and current will occur in various regions inside the fuel cell stack, this study will use micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible five-in-one microsensor, which is embedded in the PEMFC stack range extender for real-time wireless microscopic diagnosis and the reliability test is performed, so that the actual operating condition inside the fuel cell stack range extender can be mastered instantly and correctly and the internal information is fed back instantly, the fuel cell stack range extender control system can be modified to the optimum operating parameters immediately, so as to enhance the performance and prolong the lifetime effectively.

scholarly journals Experimental real-time optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell stack via constraint adaptation

Energy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene A. Bunin ◽  
Zacharie Wuillemin ◽  
Grégory François ◽  
Arata Nakajo ◽  
Leonidas Tsikonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Time Optimization ◽  
Real Time Optimization

The durability investigation of a 10‐cell metal bipolar plate proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2605-2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailin Fu ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Yanan Chen ◽  
Shang Li ◽  
Chao Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of Effect of Contact Pressure on Gas Diffusion Layers deformation of a PEM Fuel Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
A. Atifi ◽  
K. El Bikri ◽  
M. Ettouhami
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Layers ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Diffusion Layers ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Orthotropic Behavior

In this study, a two-dimensional, Finite Element model has been implemented based numerical modeling simulations to predict mechanical behavior of a representative unit of fuel cell stack deformation under three levels of contact pressure between GDL and bipolar plate assuming that the GDL deformation as a combination of elastic deformation and fibers slippage. The intrusion of the GDL into the channel was estimated. Indeed, with orthotropic behavior of the GDL, the proposed nonlinear orthotropic model converges towards the models of the literature as a function of the contact pressure level between the bipolar plate and the GDL (Gas Diffusion Layers).

The Analysis of the Operating Characteristics in a 600W Air Cooling Portable PEMFC

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jun Sohn ◽  
Gu-Gon Park ◽  
Tae-Hyun Yang ◽  
Young-Gi Yoon ◽  
Won-Yong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Optimal Output ◽  
The Relationship

To maintain proper operating conditions is important to get optimal output power of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. The air cooled fuel cell stack is widely used in sub kW PEMFC systems. The higher the power density of a stack, however, the more difficult it is to get well balanced operating conditions for the system such as the relative humidity, the temperature of stack, the rate of usage of reactant and so on. A 600W air cooled PEMFC stack was experimentally investigated to evaluate the design performance and to get optimal operating conditions for the portable application. The relationship between the operating conditions and the performance was analyzed. The results can be used as design criteria for portable PEMFC under various conditions.

Experimental Evaluation of a Control Strategy for Real-Time Optimization of Low Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Stack

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panini Kolavennu ◽  
Susanta K. Das ◽  
K. Joel Berry
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Time Optimization ◽  
Real Time Optimization

A robust control strategy which ensures optimum performance is crucial to proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell development. In a PEM fuel cell stack, the primary control variables are the reactant’s stochiometric ratio, membrane’s relative humidity and operating pressure of the anode and cathode. In this study, a 5 kW (25-cell) PEM fuel cell stack is experimentally evaluated under various operating conditions. Using the extensive experimental data of voltage-current characteristics, a feed forward control strategy based on a 3D surface map of cathode pressure, current density and membrane humidity at different operating voltages is developed. The effectiveness of the feed forward control strategy is tested on the Green-light testing facility. To reduce the dependence on predetermined system parameters, real-time optimization based on extremum seeking algorithm is proposed to control the air flow rate into the cathode of the PEM fuel cell stack. The quantitative results obtained from the experiments show good potential towards achieving effective control of PEM fuel cell stack.

scholarly journals A Flexible 5-In-1 Microsensor for Internal Microscopic Diagnosis of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Charging Process

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Yuan Lee ◽  
Chin-Lung Hsieh ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Yen-Pu Huang ◽  
Chong-An Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis ◽  
Vanadium Redox ◽  
Physical Quantities

Multiple important physical parameters in the vanadium redox flow battery are difficult to measure accurately, and the multiple important physical parameters (e.g., temperature, flow, voltage, current, pressure, and electrolyte concentration) are correlated with each other; all of them have a critical influence on the performance and life of vanadium redox flow battery. In terms of the feed of fuel to vanadium redox flow battery, the pump conveys electrolytes from the outside to inside for reaction. As the performance of vanadium redox flow battery can be tested only by an external machine—after which, the speed of pump is adjusted to control the flow velocity of electrolyte—the optimum performance cannot be obtained. There is a demand for internal real-time microscopic diagnosis of vanadium redox flow batteries, and this study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible five-in-one (temperature, flow, voltage, current, and pressure) microsensor, which is embedded in vanadium redox flow battery, for real-time sensing. Its advantages include: (1) Small size and the simultaneous measurement of five important physical quantities; (2) elastic measurement position and accurate embedding; and (3) high accuracy, sensitivity, and quick response time. The flexible five-in-one microsensor embedded in the vanadium redox flow battery can instantly monitor the changes in different physical quantities in the vanadium redox flow battery during charging; as such, optimum operating parameters can be found out so that performance and life can be enhancec.

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