scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Avirulence Genes of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lopez ◽  
Tapani Yli-Matilla ◽  
Christian Cumagun
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Avr Genes ◽  
Pcr Test

A total of 131 contemporary and 33 reference isolates representing a number of multi-locus genotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae were subjected to a PCR test to detect the presence/absence of avirulence (Avr) genes. Results revealed that the more frequently occurring genes were Avr-Pik (81.50%), Avr-Pita (64.16%) and Avr-Pii (47.98%), whereas the less frequently occurring genes were Avr-Pizt (19.08%) and Avr-Pia (5.20%). It was also laid out that the presence of Avr genes in M. oryzae is strongly associated with agroecosystems where the complementary resistant (R) genes exist. No significant association, however, was noted on the functional Avr genes and the major geographic locations. Furthermore, it was identified that the upland varieties locally known as “Milagrosa” and “Waray” contained all the R genes complementary to the Avr genes tested.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution of avirulence genes in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

BMC Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Huang ◽  
Weina Si ◽  
Qiming Deng ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Sihai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Blast Fungus

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Avirulence Genes in Magnaporthe oryzae

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mui Sie Jee ◽  
Leonard Whye Kit Lim ◽  
Martina Azelin Dirum ◽  
Sara Ilia Che Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq Masri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Avr Gene ◽  
Avr Genes

Magnaporthe oryzae is a fungal pathogen contributing to rice blast diseases globally via their Avr (avirulence) gene. Although the occurrence of M. oryzae has been reported in Sarawak since several decades ago, however, none has focused specifically on Avr genes, which confer resistance against pathogen associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in host. The objective of this study is to isolate Avr genes from M. oryzae 7’ (a Sarawak isolate) that may contribute to susceptibility of rice towards diseases. In this study, AvrPiz-t, AVR-Pik, Avr-Pi54, and AVR-Pita1 genes were isolated via PCR and cloning approaches. The genes were then compared with set of similar genes from related isolates derived from NCBI. Results revealed that all eight Avr genes (including four other global isolates) shared similar N-myristoylation site and a novel motif. 3D modeling revealed similar β-sandwich structure in AvrPiz-t and AVR-Pik despite sequence dissimilarities. In conclusion, it is confirmed of the presence of these genes in the Sarawak (M. oryzae) isolate. This study implies that Sarawak isolate may confer similar avirulence properties as their counterparts worldwide. Further R/Avr gene-for-gene relationship studies may aid in strategic control of rice blast diseases in future.

scholarly journals Investigating the cell and developmental biology of plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

2021 ◽  
pp. 103562
Author(s):  
Alice Bisola Eseola ◽  
Lauren S. Ryder ◽  
Míriam Osés-Ruiz ◽  
Kim Findlay ◽  
Xia Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Blast Fungus

scholarly journals Tanzawaic acids I–L: Four new polyketides from Penicillium sp. IBWF104-06

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P Sandjo ◽  
Eckhard Thines ◽  
Till Opatz ◽  
Anja Schüffler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Blast Fungus ◽  
New Compounds

Four new polyketides have been identified in culture filtrates of the fungal strain Penicillium sp. IBWF104-06 isolated from a soil sample. They are structurally based on the same trans-decalinpentanoic acid skeleton as tanzawaic acids A–H. One of the new compounds was found to inhibit the conidial germination in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae at concentrations of 25 μg/mL.

scholarly journals Septin-Mediated Plant Cell Invasion by the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 336 (6088) ◽  
pp. 1590-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. Dagdas ◽  
K. Yoshino ◽  
G. Dagdas ◽  
L. S. Ryder ◽  
E. Bielska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Blast Fungus

scholarly journals Lessons in effector and NLR biology of plant-microbe systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Białas ◽  
Erin K. Zess ◽  
Juan Carlos De la Concepcion ◽  
Marina Franceschetti ◽  
Helen G. Pennington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Nucleotide Binding Domain ◽  
Immune Receptors ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Infection

A diversity of plant-associated organisms secrete effectors—proteins and metabolites that modulate plant physiology to favor host infection and colonization. However, effectors can also activate plant immune receptors, notably nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins, enabling plants to fight off invading organisms. This interplay between effectors, their host targets, and the matching immune receptors is shaped by intricate molecular mechanisms and exceptionally dynamic coevolution. In this article, we focus on three effectors, AVR-Pik, AVR-Pia, and AVR-Pii, from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae), and their corresponding rice NLR immune receptors, Pik, Pia, and Pii, to highlight general concepts of plant-microbe interactions. We draw 12 lessons in effector and NLR biology that have emerged from studying these three little effectors and are broadly applicable to other plant-microbe systems.

scholarly journals Genome-wide polyadenylation site mapping datasets in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marconi ◽  
Ane Sesma ◽  
Julio Luis Rodríguez-Romero ◽  
María Lourdes Rosano González ◽  
Mark D. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Polyadenylation Site ◽  
Blast Fungus ◽  
Site Mapping ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics of Lysine Acetylome Identifies Substrates of Gcn5 in Magnaporthe oryzae Autophagy and Epigenetic Regulation

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Liang ◽  
Shulin Zhang ◽  
Lihong Dong ◽  
Yanjun Kou ◽  
Chaoxiang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Asexual Spore

ABSTRACT The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae poses a great threat to global food security. During its conidiation (asexual spore formation) and appressorium (infecting structure) formation, autophagy is induced, serving glycogen breakdown or programmed cell death function, both essential for M. oryzae pathogenicity. Recently, we identified an M. oryzae histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Gcn5 as a key regulator in phototropic induction of autophagy and asexual spore formation while serving a cellular function other than autophagy induction during M. oryzae infection. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of Gcn5 on M. oryzae pathogenicity, we set out to identify more Gcn5 substrates by comparative acetylome between the wild-type (WT) and GCN5 overexpression (OX) mutant and between OX mutant and GCN5 deletion (knockout [KO]) mutant. Our results showed that Gcn5 regulates autophagy induction and other important aspects of fungal pathogenicity, including energy metabolism, stress response, cell toxicity and death, likely via both epigenetic regulation (histone acetylation) and posttranslational modification (nonhistone protein acetylation). IMPORTANCE Gcn5 is a histone acetyltransferase that was previously shown to regulate phototropic and starvation-induced autophagy in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, likely via modification on autophagy protein Atg7. In this study, we identified more potential substrates of Gcn5-mediated acetylation by quantitative and comparative acetylome analyses. By epifluorescence microscopy and biochemistry experiments, we verified that Gcn5 may regulate autophagy induction at both the epigenetic and posttranslational levels and regulate autophagic degradation of a critical metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase (Pk) likely via acetylation. Overall, our findings reveal comprehensive posttranslational modification executed by Gcn5, in response to various external stimuli, to synergistically promote cellular differentiation in a fungal pathogen.

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