scholarly journals Aluminium Drinking Water Treatment Residuals and Their Toxic Impact on Human Health

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Krupińska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Residuals ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Aluminium Species

Aluminium exerts undeniable human health effects, so its concentration should be controlled in water treatment plants. The article presents and discusses the results of studies on the influence of selected properties of aluminium coagulants on the concentration of aluminium remaining in the purified water. The coagulants used were classical hydrolysing aluminium salts: aluminium sulphate (VI) and sodium aluminate as well as pre-hydrolysed polyaluminium chlorides: Flokor 105B and PAX XL10 that had different the alkalinity coefficient r = [OH−]/[Al3+]. The Al species distribution in the coagulants samples were analysed by the Ferron complexation timed spectrophotometry. On the basis of their reaction rates with ferron reagent, the aluminium species were divided into three categories: monomeric (Ala), medium polymerised (Alb) and colloidal (Alc). The usefulness of the tested aluminium coagulants due to the concentration of residual aluminium and dissolved aluminium, which is easily assimilated by the human body, was increased according to the following series: sodium aluminate (Ala = 100%, Alb = 0) < aluminium sulphate (VI) (Ala = 91%, Alb = 9%) < PAX XL 10 (Ala = 6%, Alb = 28%, r = 2.10) < Flokor 105B (Ala = 3%, Alb = 54%, r = 2.55).

scholarly journals Nano-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Residuals Affect Arsenic Fractionation and Speciation in Biosolids-Amended Agricultural Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5633
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Mahdy ◽  
Elsayed Elkhatib ◽  
Tiequan Zhang ◽  
Nieven O. Fathi ◽  
Zhi-Qing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Water Treatment Residuals ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Residuals ◽  
As Adsorption ◽  
Amended Soil

An incubation experiment was conducted to determine the effects of nanoscale drinking water treatment residuals (nWTRs) on arsenic (As) fractionation and speciation in agricultural soil amended with biosolids. The soils were treated with biosolids of 3% (w/w), along with nWTR application rates of 0, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00% (w/w). The results revealed that the As adsorption rate increased with increasing the As treatment level from 50 to 800 mg/L. The maximum efficiency of As adsorption was 95%–98% in the soil treated with nWTRs of 1%, while the least As adsorption was 53%–91% in the soil treated with nWTRs of 0.25%. The overall As bioavailability in the biosolids-amended soil followed a descending order of nWTRs treatment: (0%) > 0.25% nWTRs, >0.50% nWTRs, and >1% nWTRs. The addition of nWTRs significantly changed As speciation in biosolids-amended soil. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) and MINEQL+4.6 analyses showed that most of As was in a oxidized form of As5+ that likely incorporated in As pentoxide, and thus, with low mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. This study demonstrated that nWTRs were effective in adsorbing and immobilizing As in biosolids-amended agricultural soils by forming stable As-nWTR surface complexes.

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