scholarly journals Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition and Anti-LDL Oxidation by Prenylated Isoflavones from Flemingia philippinensis Root

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3074
Author(s):  
Jeong Yoon Kim ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zuo Peng Li ◽  
Aizhamal Baiseitova ◽  
Yeong Jun Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Potent Inhibition ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Tbars Assay

Xanthine oxidase is a frontier enzyme to produce oxidants, which leads to inflammation in the blood. Prenylated isoflavones from Flemingia philippinensis were found to display potent inhibition against xanthine oxidase (XO). All isolates (1–9) inhibited XO enzyme with IC50 ranging 7.8~36.4 μM. The most active isoflavones (2–5, IC50 = 7.8~14.8 μM) have the structural feature of a catechol motif in B-ring. Inhibitory behaviors were disclosed as a mixed type I mode of inhibition with KI < KIS. Binding affinities to XO enzyme were evaluated. Fluorescence quenching effects agreed with inhibitory potencies (IC50s). The compounds (2–5) also showed potent anti-LDL oxidation effects in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay, the lag time of conjugated diene formation, relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), and fragmentation of apoB-100 on copper-mediated LDL oxidation. The compound 4 protected LDL oxidation with 0.7 μM in TBARS assay, which was 40-fold more active than genistein (IC50 = 30.4 μM).

Purpurogallin is a more powerful protector of kidney cells than Trolox and allopurinol

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 684-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Hua Zeng ◽  
Tai-Wing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition

Phase contrast and electron microscopic experiments demonstrated that oxyradicals generated with xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine markedly damage rat kidney mesangial and porcine tubular epithelial cells. Purpurogallin, a phenol found in oak nutgalls, prolongs survival of the xanthine oxidase exposed renal cells three- to nine-fold longer than those without purpurogallin present. At levels equimolar to purpurogallin, either Trolox or allopurinol is less effective in delaying cell necrosis. Purpurogallin scavenges not only xanthine oxidase generated oxyradicals, but also non-enzymatically produced peroxyl radicals, more actively than equimolar levels of Trolox or allopurinol. Purpurogallin inhibits xanthine oxidase with severalfold higher potency than allopurinol and its more active metabolite oxypurinol. Therefore, purpurogallin is a stronger antioxidant than Trolox and a more potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase than allopurinol as well as oxypurinol.Key words: purpurogallin, kidney cells, oxyradical damage, xanthine oxidase inhibition, antioxidant.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Extraction Conditions and Biological Evaluation of Dendropanax morbifera H. Lev as an Anti-Hyperuricemic Source

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Sik Cho ◽  
Seung-Hui Song ◽  
Chul-Yung Choi ◽  
Kyung Park ◽  
Jung-Hyun Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Dendropanax Morbifera ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Dendropanax morbifera H. Levis a medicinal plant native to South Korea, East Asia, and South America. Among some 75 species, one species grows in Korea. In previous studies, D. morbifera extracts with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-complementary and anti-cancer activities were reported. The present study aims to investigate optimization of extraction and evaluation of anti-hyperuricemic effects of D. morbifera leaf and the phytochemicals contained therein. Ethanol and hexane extract were found to display the best xanthine oxidase inhibition among six types of solvent and water extract. The antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract was superior to that of the hexane extract. The DPPH radical scavenging effect of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 81.52 ± 1.57% and 2.69 ± 0.16. The reducing power of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 9.71 ± 0.15 and 0.89 ± 0.01 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. Total phenols of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 6.53 ± 0.16 and 0.63 ± 0.001 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. In addition, we compared the two marker compounds from D. morbifera, chlorogenic acid and rutin, which were determined in the ethanol extract at 0.80 ± 0.03% and 0.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. We found that the ethanol extracts showed better xanthine oxidase inhibition than hexane extracts. Especially, ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than hexane extracts. Based on these results, we selected the ethanol extract as an effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor and confirmed whether ethanol extracts showed xanthine oxidase inhibition in animal experiments. The in vivo mouse study demonstrated that ethanol extract of D. morbifera leaf at the dose of 300 mg/kg could inhibit blood/hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and this result shows that the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in vitro is reproduced in vivo. The present study showed that ethanol extract was optimal xanthine oxidase inhibitor which can be applied to prevent diseases related to hyperuricemia.

Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiro Tanaka ◽  
Tomohisa Nagoshi ◽  
Akira Yoshii ◽  
Yuhei Oi ◽  
Hirotake Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition

scholarly journals Antiremodeling Effect of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition in a Canine Model of Atrial Fibrillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoharu Yoshizawa ◽  
Shinichi Niwano ◽  
Hiroe Niwano ◽  
Hideaki Tamaki ◽  
Hironori Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition

Oxypurinol administration fails to prevent free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation during loaded breathing

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Supinski ◽  
D. Nethery ◽  
D. Stofan ◽  
L. Szweda ◽  
A. DiMarco
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Fatigue Development ◽  
Loaded Breathing

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether it is possible to alter the development of fatigue and ablate free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation of the diaphragm during loaded breathing by administering oxypurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. We studied 1) room-air-breathing decerebrate, unanesthetized rats given either saline or oxypurinol (50 mg/kg) and loaded with a large inspiratory resistance until airway pressure had fallen by 50% and 2) unloaded saline- and oxypurinol-treated room-air-breathing control animals. Additional sets of studies were performed with animals breathing 100% oxygen. Animals were killed at the conclusion of loading, and diaphragmatic samples were obtained for determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and assessment of in vitro force generation. We found that loading of saline-treated animals resulted in significant diaphragmatic fatigue and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances formation ( P < 0.01). Oxypurinol administration, however, failed to increase load trial time, reduce fatigue development, or prevent lipid peroxidation in either room-air-breathing or oxygen-breathing animals. These data suggest that xanthine oxidase-dependent pathways do not generate physiologically significant levels of free radicals during the type of inspiratory resistive loading examined in this study.

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