scholarly journals Long-Term Whole Grain Wheat and Rye Intake Reflected by Adipose Tissue Alkylresorcinols and Breast Cancer: A Case-Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaxing Wu ◽  
Cecilie Kyrø ◽  
Anne Tjønneland ◽  
Katja Boll ◽  
Anja Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Positive

Whole grain rye (WGR) and whole grain wheat (WGW) have been suggested to protect against the development of breast cancer. In this study, we estimated long-term intake of WGR and WGW, using both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and alkylresorcinol concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies, in relation to the risk of developing invasive breast cancer in a case-cohort study (n = 414 in the case group, n = 933 in the subcohort group) on the Danish “Diet, Cancer and Health” cohort. The median follow-up time of the subcohort was 5.3 years. Total WGR and WGW intake estimated with FFQ or reflected by total alkylresorcinol concentration in adipose tissue was not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer. However, after adjustment for total WGR and WGW intake, women in the highest quartile of relative WGR intake, reflected by the alkylresorcinol C17:0/C21:0 ratio, had a higher risk of overall breast cancer and estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer than women in the lowest quartile of relative WGR intake, while the risk of estrogen-receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer incidence was unaffected. Similar results were obtained with the FFQ data. Based on these data, further investigation of the role of specific grain types in reducing or increasing breast cancer risk, and their overall impact on health, is warranted.

Neuronatin is a modifier of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer incidence and outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Cody Plasterer ◽  
Shirng-Wern Tsaih ◽  
Amy R. Peck ◽  
Inna Chervoneva ◽  
Caitlin O’Meara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Positive ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

scholarly journals Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Danish Nurse Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorana Jovanovic Andersen ◽  
Line Ravnskjær ◽  
Klaus Kaae Andersen ◽  
Steffen Loft ◽  
Jørgen Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of Estrogen Receptor Status in PRODH/POX-Dependent Apoptosis/Survival in Breast Cancer Cells

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Sylwia Lewoniewska ◽  
Ilona Oscilowska ◽  
Antonella Forlino ◽  
Jerzy Palka
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Collagen Biosynthesis ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Positive ◽  
Er Status ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

It has been suggested that activation of estrogen receptor α (ER α) stimulates cell proliferation. In contrast, estrogen receptor β (ER β) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity. Although the role of estrogens in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progression has been well established, the mechanism of their effect on apoptosis is not fully understood. It has been considered that ER status of breast cancer cells and estrogen availability might determine proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX)-dependent apoptosis. PRODH/POX is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts proline into pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). During this process, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) or ROS (reactive oxygen species) are produced, facilitating cell survival or death, respectively. However, the critical factor in driving PRODH/POX-dependent functions is proline availability. The amount of this amino acid is regulated at the level of prolidase (proline releasing enzyme), collagen biosynthesis (proline utilizing process), and glutamine, glutamate, α-ketoglutarate, and ornithine metabolism. Estrogens were found to upregulate prolidase activity and collagen biosynthesis. It seems that in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, prolidase supports proline for collagen biosynthesis, limiting its availability for PRODH/POX-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, lack of free proline (known to upregulate the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, HIF-1) contributes to downregulation of HIF-1-dependent pro-survival activity. The complex regulatory mechanism also involves PRODH/POX expression and activity. It is induced transcriptionally by p53 and post-transcriptionally by AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), which is regulated by ERs. The review also discusses the role of interconversion of proline/glutamate/ornithine in supporting proline to PRODH/POX-dependent functions. The data suggest that PRODH/POX-induced apoptosis is dependent on ER status in breast cancer cells.

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