scholarly journals First Autochthonous West Nile Lineage 2 and Usutu Virus Infections in Humans, July to October 2018, Czech Republic

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Hana Zelená ◽  
Jana Kleinerová ◽  
Silvie Šikutová ◽  
Petra Straková ◽  
Hana Kocourková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
First Record ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Lineage 2

We present epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of five Czech patients diagnosed with autochthonous mosquito-borne disease—four patients with confirmed West Nile virus (WNV) and one patient with Usutu virus (USUV) infections, from July to October 2018, including one fatal case due to WNV. This is the first documented human outbreak caused by WNV lineage 2 in the Czech Republic and the first record of a neuroinvasive human disease caused by USUV, which illustrates the simultaneous circulation of WNV and USUV in the country.

scholarly journals Detection of West Nile virus in a common whitethroat (Curruca communis) and Culex mosquitoes in the Netherlands, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina S Sikkema ◽  
Maarten Schrama ◽  
Tijs van den Berg ◽  
Jolien Morren ◽  
Emmanuelle Munger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Culex Mosquitoes ◽  
Lineage 2

On 22 August, a common whitethroat in the Netherlands tested positive for West Nile virus lineage 2. The same bird had tested negative in spring. Subsequent testing of Culex mosquitoes collected in August and early September in the same location generated two of 44 positive mosquito pools, providing first evidence for enzootic transmission in the Netherlands. Sequences generated from the positive mosquito pools clustered with sequences that originate from Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals West Nile virus lineage 2 isolated from Culex modestus mosquitoes in the Czech Republic, 2013: expansion of the European WNV endemic area to the North?

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Rudolf ◽  
T Bakonyi ◽  
O Šebesta ◽  
J Mendel ◽  
J Peško ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
South Moravia

We report the detection and isolation of four almost identical strains of West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 from Culex modestus mosquitoes collected at three fish ponds in South Moravia, Czech Republic, during August 2013. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the Czech WNV strains isolated are closely related to Austrian, Italian and Serbian strains reported in 2008, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Our findings show the current northernmost range of lineage 2 WNV in Europe.

scholarly journals Increase in human West Nile and Usutu virus infections, Austria, 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan W. Aberle ◽  
Jolanta Kolodziejek ◽  
Christof Jungbauer ◽  
Karin Stiasny ◽  
Judith H. Aberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Imported Cases

Between 28 June and 17 September 2018, 27 cases of human West Nile virus infections were recorded in Austria; four cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease, 11 cases of West Nile fever, six infections detected by blood donation screening and six imported cases. In addition, 18 cases of human Usutu virus infections (all blood donors) were recorded. This is the highest number of annual infections recorded in Austria since the introduction of both viruses.

scholarly journals Co-Circulation of West Nile and Usutu Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes in Slovakia, 2018

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Čabanová ◽  
Silvie Šikutová ◽  
Petra Straková ◽  
Oldřich Šebesta ◽  
Bronislava Vichová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
First Time

Monitoring West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) activity now has the highest priority among mosquito-borne pathogenic viruses circulating in the European Union. This study documents a first time detection and the co-circulation of WNV lineage-2 (with the minimal prevalence of 0.46%) and USUV clade Europe 2 (with the minimal prevalence of 0.25%) in mosquitoes from the same habitat of south-western Slovakia and underlines necessity to perform rigorous surveillance in birds, mosquitoes, horses and humans in that country.

Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and Usutu virus infections in Eurasian coots in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lim ◽  
M. Geervliet ◽  
J. H. Verhagen ◽  
G. J. D. M. Müskens ◽  
F. A. Majoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Serologic Evidence

scholarly journals Comparative Pathology of Neurovirulent Lineage 1 (NY99/385) and Lineage 2 (SPU93/01) West Nile Virus Infections in BALBc Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Williams ◽  
J. D. L. Mentoor ◽  
E. Van Wilpe ◽  
M. Venter
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Comparative Pathology ◽  
Lineage 2

Clinical and Pathologic Features of Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Infections in Birds of Prey in Hungary

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Károly Erdélyi ◽  
Krisztina Ursu ◽  
Emöke Ferenczi ◽  
Levente Szeredi ◽  
Ferenc Rátz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals Pathology of fatal lineage 1 and 2 West Nile virus infections in horses in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
June H. Williams ◽  
Stephanie Van Niekerk ◽  
Stacey Human ◽  
Erna Van Wilpe ◽  
Marietjie Venter
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
South African ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
The One

Since 2007, West Nile virus (WNV) has been reported in South African horses, causing severe neurological signs. All cases were of lineage 2, except for one case that clustered with lineage 1 viruses. In the present study, gross and microscopic lesions of six South African lineage 2-infected horses and the one lineage 1 case are described. Diagnoses were confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of central nervous system (CNS) tissue and one by RT-PCR of a brain virus isolate. The CNS of all cases was negative by RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for African horse sickness (AHS), equine encephalosis virus, equine herpes viruses 1 and 4, other zoonotic flaviviruses, alphaviruses, and shunivirus, and either by immunofluorescence or IHC for rabies. Gross visceral lesions were nonspecific but often mimicked those of AHS. The CNS histopathology of WNV lineage 2 cases resembled the nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis reported in the Northern Hemisphere lineage 1 and recent Hungarian lineage 2 cases. Occasional meningitis, focal spinal ventral horn poliomalacia, dorsal and lateral horn poliomyelitis, leucomyelitis, asymmetrical ventral motor spinal neuritis and frequent olfactory region involvement were also seen. Lineage 2 cases displayed marked variations in CNS lesion severity, type and distribution, and suggested various viral entry routes into the CNS, based on findings in experimental mice and hamsters. Lineage 1 lesions were comparable to the milder lineage 2 cases. West Nile virus IHC on CNS sections with marked lesions from all cases elicited only two antigen-positive cells in the olfactory cortex of one case. The presence in the CNS of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophage-monocytes was confirmed by cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD20, multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) and macrophage (MAC) 387 IHC.

scholarly journals Autochthonous West Nile virus infection outbreak in humans, Leipzig, Germany, August to September 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Pietsch ◽  
Dominik Michalski ◽  
Johannes Münch ◽  
Sirak Petros ◽  
Sandra Bergs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Seasonal Circulation

Following a distinct summer heat wave, nine autochthonous cases of West Nile fever and West Nile neuroinvasive disease, including one fatality, were observed in Leipzig, Germany, in August and September 2020. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated close relationships in viruses from humans, animals and mosquitos in eastern Germany, obtained during the preceding 2 years. The described large cluster of autochthonous West Nile virus infections in Germany indicates endemic seasonal circulation of lineage 2 viruses in the area.

scholarly journals First autochthonous human West Nile virus infections in the Netherlands, July to August 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danique RM Vlaskamp ◽  
Steven FT Thijsen ◽  
Johan Reimerink ◽  
Pieter Hilkens ◽  
Willem H Bouvy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
First Case ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Lineage 2

In October 2020, the first case of autochthonous West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease was diagnosed in the Netherlands with a presumed infection in the last week of August. Investigations revealed five more cases of local West Nile virus (WNV) infection. The cases resided in a region where WNV was detected in a bird and mosquitoes in August 2020. Molecular analysis was successful for two cases and identified the presence of WNV lineage 2.

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