A Self-Healing Ionic Liquid-Based Ionically Cross-Linked Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Electrochromic Devices

An ionic liquid-based ionically cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte (GPE-ILs) was successfully synthesized using acrylic acid, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ionic liquids. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) with an architecture of glass/FTO/WO3/GPE-ILs/FTO/glass were fabricated by a laminating technology. The devices showed performances of large optical modulation of 49.9% at 650 nm, short switching times with the coloration time (tc) of 7 s and the bleaching time (tb) of 4 s, high coloration efficiency of 96.2 cm2 C−1, and cycling stability of 200 cycles. The GPE-ILs exhibits high ionic conductivity, superior thermal stability and good self-healing ability. GPE-ILs demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 3.19 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C and the same ions migration behaviors with most widely used liquid electrolyte between −10 and 80 °C maintains more than 80% of its tensile strength after self-healing and received only 5% weight loss at 300 °C.

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Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) gel polymer electrolyte incorporating with water-soluble sodium sulfide salt for quasi-solid-state quantum dot-sensitized solar cell

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008320902232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 183-191

Author(s):

YC Lee ◽

MH Buraidah ◽

HJ Woo

Keyword(s):

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Acrylic Acid ◽

Quantum Dot ◽

Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Sodium Sulfide ◽

Ethylene Carbonate ◽

Gel Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Liquid Electrolyte ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Poly Acrylamide

Rapid decay of photoanode, leakage from sealant, and evaporation of electrolyte are always the major concerns of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) based on liquid electrolyte. Subsequently, gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) appears as an attractive solution in addition to lower cost, lighter weight, and flexibility. Poly(acrylamide- co-acrylic acid) (PAAm-PAA) is of special interest to act as a polymer host to entrap liquid electrolyte because it provides high transparency, good gelatinizing properties, and excellent compatibility with the liquid electrolyte. In this work, the electrical and transport properties of PAAm-PAA GPE incorporating with water-soluble sodium sulfide were characterized by impedance spectroscopy. An increment of ionic conductivity was observed with the incorporation of ethylene carbonate (EC) and potassium chloride (KCl). The highest room temperature ionic conductivity of PAAm-PAA GPE is 70.82 mS·cm−1. QDSC based on PAAm-PAA GPE with the composition of 1.3 wt% of KCl, 0.9 wt% of EC, 55.3 wt% of PAAm-PAA, 38.5 wt% of sodium sulfide, and 4.0 wt% of sulfur can present up to 1.80% of light-to-electricity conversion efficiency.

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High-Voltage Sulfolane Plasticized UV-Curable Gel Polymer Electrolyte

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11081306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1306

Author(s):

Shiqi Wang ◽

Chun Wei ◽

Wenwen Ding ◽

Linmin Zou ◽

Yongyang Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Polymer Electrolyte ◽

High Voltage ◽

Gel Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Liquid Electrolyte ◽

Temperature Conductivity ◽

Electrochemical Window ◽

Specific Discharge ◽

Discharge Capacities

A high-voltage electrolyte can match high-voltage positive electrode material to fully exert its capacity. In this research, a sulfolane plasticized polymer electrolyte was prepared by in situ photocuring. First, the effect of the sulfolane content on the ionic conductivity of the gel polymer electrolyte was investigated. Results showed that the ionic conductivity variation trend was in good agreement with the exponential function model for curve fitting. Second, the activation energy was calculated from the results of the variable temperature conductivity tests. The activation energy was inversely proportional to the sulfolane content. For the sulfolane content of 80 wt. % in gel polymer electrolyte (GPE)-80 (19.5 kJ/mol), the activation energy was close to conventional liquid electrolyte (9.5 kJ/mol), and the conductivity and electrochemical window were 0.64 mS/cm and 5.86 V, respectively. The battery cycle performance test showed that the initial specific discharge capacities of GPE-80 and liquid electrolyte were 176.8 and 148.3 mAh/g, respectively. After 80 cycles, the discharge capacities of GPE-80 and liquid electrolyte were 115.8 and 41.1 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rates were 65.5% and 27.7%, respectively; indicating that GPE-80 has a better specific discharge capacity and cycling performance than the liquid electrolyte. SEM images indicated that GPE-80 can suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. The EDS test showed that GPE-80 can inhibit the dissolution of metal ions in the cathode material.

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Based Solid-State Polymer Supercapacitor with Ionic Liquid Gel Polymer Electrolyte

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12020297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haiyan Du ◽

Zemin Wu ◽

Yuyu Xu ◽

Shaoze Liu ◽

Huimin Yang

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Solid State ◽

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Elastic Recovery ◽

Gel Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Carbon Paper ◽

Self Healing ◽

Potential Applications

In this work, solid-state polymer supercapacitor (SSC) was assembled using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/carbon paper (PEDOT/CP) as an electrode and ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate)/polyvinyl alcohol/sulfuric acid (IL/PVA/H2SO4) as a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The GPE was treated through freezing–thawing (F/T) cycles to improve the electrochemical properties of PEDOT SSC. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques and conductivity were carried out to study the electrochemical performance. The results showed that the SSC based on ionic liquid GPE (SSC-IL/PVA/H2SO4) has a higher specific capacitance (with the value of 86.81 F/g at 1 mA/cm2) than the SSC-PVA/H2SO4.The number of F/T cycles has a great effect on the electrochemical performance of the device. The energy density of the SSC treated with 3 F/T cycles was significantly improved, reaching 176.90 Wh/kg. Compared with the traditional electrolytes, IL GPE has the advantages of high ionic conductivity, less volatility, non-flammability and wider potential window. Moreover, the IL GPE has excellent elastic recovery and self-healing performance, leading to its great potential applications in flexible or smart energy storage equipment.

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Ionic conductivity enhancement in gel polymer electrolyte membrane with N-methyl-N-butyl-piperidine-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ionic liquid for lithium ion battery

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 502 ◽

pp. 130-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Y. Ma ◽

L.B. Li ◽

G.X. Gao ◽

X.Y. Yang ◽

J. You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽

Gel Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Conductivity Enhancement ◽

Electrolyte Membrane

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Poly(ionic liquid) Based Composite Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13244469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 4469

Author(s):

Robert Löwe ◽

Thomas Hanemann ◽

Tatiana Zinkevich ◽

Andreas Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Diffusion Coefficients ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Liquid Electrolyte ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Electrolyte Membranes

Polymerized ionic liquids (PIL) are an interesting substance class, which is discussed to transfer the outstanding properties and tunability of ionic liquids into a solid material. In this study we extend our previous research on ammonium based PIL and discuss the influence of additives and their usability as polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium ion batteries. The polymer electrolyte is thereby used as replacement for the commercially widespread system of a separator that is soaked with liquid electrolyte. The influence of the material composition on the ionic conductivity (via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and the diffusion coefficients (via pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were studied and cell tests with adapted membrane materials were performed. High amounts of the additional ionic liquid (IL) MPPyrr-TFSI (1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) increased the ionic conductivity of the materials up to 1.3·10−4 S·cm−1 but made the usage of a cross-linker necessary to obtain mechanically stable membranes. The application of liquid electrolyte mixtures with ethylene carbonate (EC) and MPPyrr-TFSI decreased ionic conductivity values down to the 10−9 S·cm−1 range, but increased 7Li diffusion coefficients with increasing amounts of EC up to 1.7·10−10 m2·s−1. Cell tests with two membrane mixtures proofed that it is possible to build electrolyte membranes on basis of the polymerized ionic liquids, but also showed that further research is necessary to ensure stable and efficient cell cycling.

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