scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethanes from Residual Palm Oil with High Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid Oils as Additive

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4214
Author(s):  
Javier Chavarro Gomez ◽  
Rabitah Zakaria ◽  
Min Min Aung ◽  
Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar ◽  
Robiah Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Algae Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphate Groups

In the effort to produce renewable and biodegradable polymers, more studies are being undertaken to explore environmentally friendly sources to replace petroleum-based sources. The oil palm industry is not only the biggest vegetable-oil producer from crops but also one the biggest producers of residual oil that cannot be used for edible purposes due to its low quality. In this paper the development of biopolymers from residual palm oil, residual palm oil with 10% jatropha oil, and residual palm oil with 10% algae oil as additives were explored. Polyols from the different oils were prepared by epoxydation with peroxyacetic acid and alcoholysis under the same conditions and further reacted with poly isocyanate to form polyurethanes. Epoxidized oils, polyols and polyurethanes were analyzed by different techniques such as TGA, DSC, DMA, FTIR and H-NMR. Overall, although the IV of algae oil is slightly higher than that of jatropha oil, the usage of algae oil as additive into the residual palm oil was shown to significantly increase the hard segments and thermal stability of the bio polyurethane compared to the polymer with jatropha oil. Furthermore, when algae oil was mixed with the residual palm oil, it was possible to identify phosphate groups in the polyol which might enhance the fire-retardant properties of the final biopolymer.

scholarly journals Characterization of novel rigid-foam polyurethanes from residual palm oil and algae oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 16303-16316
Author(s):  
Javier Chavarro Gomez ◽  
Rabitah Zakaria ◽  
Min Min Aung ◽  
Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar ◽  
Robiah Binti Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Rigid Foam ◽  
Algae Oil

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Native Microorganisms Synthesized from Fatty Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ricardo Gómez Cardozo ◽  
Amanda Lucía Mora Martínez ◽  
María Yepes Pérez ◽  
Guillermo Antonio Correa Londoño
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Previous Approach ◽  
Frying Oils ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Product Costs

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible plastics. They are synthesized by a wide variety of microorganisms (i.e., fungi and bacteria) and some organisms such as plants, which share characteristics with petrochemical-based plastics. The most recent studies focus on finding inexpensive substrates and extraction strategies that allow reducing product costs, thus moving into a widespread market, the market for petroleum-based plastics. In this study, the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was evaluated using the native strains,Bacillus megaterium,Bacillussp., andLactococcus lactis, and glycerol reagent grade (GRG), residual glycerol (RGSB) byproduct of biodiesel from palm oil, Jatropha oil, castor oil, waste frying oils, and whey as substrates. Different bacteria-substrate systems were evaluated thrice on a laboratory scale under different conditions of temperature, pH, and substrate concentration, employing 50 mL of broth in 250 mL. The bacterial growth was tested in all systems; however, theB. megateriumGRG system generated the highest accumulation of PHA. The previous approach was allowed to propose a statistical design optimization with RGSB (i.e., RGSB, 15 g/L, pH 7.0, and 25°C). This system reached 2.80 g/L of PHB yield and was the optimal condition tested; however, the optimal biomass 5.42 g/L occurs at pH 9.0 and 25°C, with a substrate concentration of 22 g/L.

Coating of lightweight wool fabric with nano clay for fire retardancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiko Jose ◽  
Nachimuthu Shanmugam ◽  
Sekhar Das ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Pintu Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Flammability Test ◽  
Nano Clay ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
In Fire

Nano-kaolinite was applied to lightweight wool fabric for imparting fire retardant finish using pad batch as well as exhaust method. The effect of fire retardant treatments on the physico-mechanical properties of wool fabric was studied in detail. Nano-kaolinite incorporated fire retardant formulations showed high fire retardant performance in terms of inclined flammability test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis. The characterization of nanoparticles was performed using various analytical instruments. The results inferred that nano-kaolinite treatment by both application methods is effective for improving the fire resistance of wool fabric. The treatment resulted up to 32% enhancement in fire retardant properties.

scholarly journals Flame Retardant Polyurethanes and their Applications for the Improvement in Properties of Conventional Castor Oil Based Polyurethane

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Rasmika Patel ◽  
Amin Hirani ◽  
Hitesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Phenyl Phosphate ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Commercial Applications

The urethane polymers of castor oil (COPU) are used in many commercial applications but one of the major limitations of these polymers is their inherent flammability and poor mechanical properties. Polymers containing phosphorous groups belong to the fire retardants, and when blended with castor oil based polyurethane improves the latter’s fire retardant properties. Present work, deals with the synthesis of a monomer bis (m-hydroxy phenyl) phenyl phosphate (BHPPP) and its related polyurethanes. Characterization of the monomer and polyurethanes are discussed. Blending of the polyurethanes with COPU in different proportions improves both the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the COPU.

Characterization of organosilicon films synthesized by N2-PACVD. Application to fire retardant properties of coated polymers

2004 ◽  
Vol 180-181 ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quédé ◽  
B. Mutel ◽  
P. Supiot ◽  
C. Jama ◽  
O. Dessaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties

Synthesis and characterization of novel chiral derivatizing agents containing β-keto-anthracene adducts (KAAs) by 1H-NMR: aromatic influence and chiral alcohol absolute configuration determination

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-554
Author(s):  
Neeranuth Intakaew ◽  
Puracheth Rithchumpon ◽  
Chanatkran Prommin ◽  
Saranphong Yimklan ◽  
Nawee Kungwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Chiral Alcohols ◽  
Chiral Alcohol ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Chiral Derivatizing Agents

New chiral derivatizing agents and the effect of aromatic rings were investigated for absolute configuration of chiral alcohols via1H-NMR.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of different soybean oil-based polyols with fatty alcohol and aromatic alcohol

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
Fukai Yang ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Yuyuan Deng ◽  
Xinyu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Intermolecular Force ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Epoxy Groups

Abstract In this article, five kinds of soybean oil-based polyols (polyol-E, polyol-P, polyol-I, polyol-B, and polyol-M) were prepared by ring-opening the epoxy groups in epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with ethyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, isoamyl alcohol, p-tert-butylphenol, and 4-methoxyphenol in the presence of tetrafluoroboric acid as the catalyst. The SOPs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, viscosity, and hydroxyl numbers. Compared with ESO, the retention time of SOPs is shortened, indicating that the molecular weight of SOPs is increased. The structure of different monomers can significantly affect the hydroxyl numbers of SOPs. Due to the large steric hindrance of isoamyl alcohol, p-hydroxyanisole, and p-tert-butylphenol, SOPs prepared by these three monomers often undergo further dehydration to ether reactions, which consumes the hydroxyl of polyols, thus forming dimers and multimers; therefore, the hydroxyl numbers are much lower than polyol-E and polyol-P. The viscosity of polyol-E and polyol-P is much lower than that of polyol-I, polyol-B, and polyol-M. A longer distance between the molecules and the smaller intermolecular force makes the SOPs dehydrate to ether again. This generates dimer or polymers and makes the viscosity of these SOPs larger, and the molecular weight greatly increases.

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