scholarly journals Effects of the Washing Time and Washing Solution on the Biocompatibility and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Dental Resin Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4410
Author(s):  
Na-Kyung Hwangbo ◽  
Na-Eun Nam ◽  
Jong-Hoon Choi ◽  
Jong-Eun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Resin Restorations

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is highly regarded in the field of dentistry. Three-dimensional printed resin restorations must undergo a washing process to remove residual resin on the surface after they have been manufactured. However, the effect of the use of different washing solutions and washing times on the biocompatibility of the resulting resin restorations is unclear. Therefore, we prepared 3D-printed denture teeth and crown and bridge resin, and then washed them with two washing solutions (isopropyl alcohol and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether) using different time points (3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min). After this, the cell viability, cytotoxicity, and status of human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated using confocal laser scanning. We also analyzed the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and surface SEM imaging. Increasing the washing time increased the cell viability and decreased the cytotoxicity (p < 0.001). Confocal laser scanning showed distinct differences in the morphology and number of fibroblasts. Increasing the washing time did not significantly affect the flexural strength and surface, but the flexural modulus of the 90 min washing group was 1.01 ± 0.21 GPa (mean ± standard deviation), which was lower than that of all the other groups and decreased as the washing time increased. This study confirmed that the washing time affected the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of 3D printed dental resins.

scholarly journals Effects of Postcuring Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Three-Dimensional Printed Dental Resin Material

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Enkhjargal Bayarsaikhan ◽  
Jung-Hwa Lim ◽  
Seung-Ho Shin ◽  
Kyu-Hyung Park ◽  
Young-Bum Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Cell Cytotoxicity ◽  
3D Printed

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an attractive technology in dentistry. Acrylic-based 3D printed resin parts have to undergo postcuring processes to enhance their mechanical and biological properties, such as UV-light and thermal polymerization. However, no previous studies have revealed how the postcuring temperature influences the biocompatibility of the produced parts. Therefore, we postprocessed 3D printed denture teeth resin under different postcuring temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) for different periods (15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min), and evaluated their flexural properties, Vickers hardness, cell cytotoxicity, cell viability, and protein adsorption. In addition, confocal laser scanning was used to assess the condition of human gingival fibroblasts. It was found that increasing the postcuring temperature significantly improved the flexural strength and cell viability. The flexural strength and cell viability were 147.48 ± 5.82 MPa (mean ± standard deviation) and 89.51 ± 7.09%, respectively, in the group cured at 80 °C for 120 min, which were higher than the values in the 40 and 60 °C groups. The cell cytotoxicity increased in the 40 °C groups and for longer cultivation time. Confocal laser scanning revealed identifiable differences in the morphology of fibroblasts. This study has confirmed that the postcuring temperature influences the final mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed resin.

Behaviour of nucleolar proteins in nuclei lacking ribosomal genes. A study by confocal laser scanning microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
D. Hernandez-Verdun ◽  
M. Robert-Nicoud ◽  
G. Geraud ◽  
C. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Nucleolar Proteins ◽  
Fibrillar Component

The behaviour of nucleolar proteins in cycling PtK1 cells and in micronuclei with or without NORs was investigated by immunofluorescence using antibodies from autoimmune sera and confocal laser scanning microscopy. These antibodies were shown by electron microscopy to recognize antigens confined to only one of the three basic nucleolar components: fibrillar centres (FC), dense fibrillar component (DFC) and granular component (GC). Serial optical sections allowed us to determine the three-dimensional organization of these components in the nucleolus of cycling cells. Furthermore, clear differences were found in the distribution of the various antigens in micronucleated cells. Three patterns could be observed: (1) the FC antigens were found mainly in the nucleoli, but also in varying amounts in the dots; (2) surprisingly, the DFC antigens were found to accumulate preferentially in the dots; (3) the GC-specific marker stained intensively the nucleoli as well the dots. The results are interpreted with regard to possible mechanisms for targeting nucleolar proteins to the site of nucleolar formation.

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