Rendering Fat and Heavy Fischer-Tropsch Waxes Mixtures (0–100%) Fast Pyrolysis Tests for the Production of Ethylene and Propylene

A great emphasis is placed on searching for efficient sources to produce renewable fuels due to the actual trends in avoiding the use of fossil resources to mitigate the environment’s deterioration. Thus, the use of waste from the food or wood industry for the production of biofuels is widely researched and may contribute to sustainable general development. Rendered fat and Fischer-Tropsch waxes are high-energy materials which could be used for the pyrolysis reaction. Therefore, in this study, the effect of reaction parameters and feedstock composition on the distribution of the pyrolysis products has been examined. The experiments were carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere in a multi-shot pyrolizer instrument equipped with GC-FID. First, the influence of the temperature was examined at 785, 800, and 815 °C. The highest yield to olefins was observed at 815 °C. The effect of triglycerides and paraffins contents (0–100% with 10% ramp) in the feedstock on the product composition was investigated at 815 °C. The gas chromatography analyses revealed that the feedstock composition did not significantly affect the product composition due to the high temperature and the long linear chain structure similarities between the free fatty acids and Fischer-Tropsch waxes.

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A one-dimensional chloride-bridged PtII/PtIVmixed-valence complex with a 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate counter-ion

Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry ◽

10.1107/s2053229615019877 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 1033-1036 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nobuyuki Matsushita ◽

Ayako Taira

Keyword(s):

Valence State ◽

Title Compound ◽

Linear Chain ◽

Mixed Valence ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Structural Parameter ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Square Planar ◽

Cl Atoms ◽

Linear Chain Structure

The title compound,catena-poly[[[bis(ethylenediamine-κ2N,N′)platinum(II)]- μ-chlorido-[bis(ethylenediamine)platinum(IV)]-μ-chlorido] tetrakis{4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate} dihydrate], {[PtIIPtIVCl2(C2H8N2)4](HOC6H4N=NC6H4SO3)4·2H2O}n, has a linear chain structure composed of square-planar [Pt(en)2]2+(en is ethylenediamine) and elongated octahedraltrans-[PtCl2(en)2]2+cations stacked alternately, bridged by Cl atoms, along thebaxis. The Pt atoms are located on an inversion centre, while the Cl atoms are disordered over two sites and form a zigzag ...Cl—PtIV—Cl...PtII... chain, with a PtIV—Cl bond length of 2.3140 (14) Å, an interatomic PtII...Cl distance of 3.5969 (15) Å and a PtIV—Cl...PtIIangle of 170.66 (6)°. The structural parameter indicating the mixed-valence state of the Pt atom, expressed by δ = (PtIV—Cl)/(PtII...Cl), is 0.643.

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Electronic and Resonance Raman Spectra of Some New Mixed-Valence Compounds of Pt and Pd with a Metal-Halide Chain

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-1980-0606 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 676-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. C. Papavassiliou ◽

D. Layek

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectra ◽

Linear Chain ◽

Mixed Valence ◽

Resonance Raman ◽

Chain Structure ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Resonance Raman Spectra ◽

The One ◽

Mixed Valence Compounds ◽

Linear Chain Structure

Abstract The electronic and resonance Raman spectra of new mixed-valence compounds of the type M2ʹ[M(L)X3][M(L)X5], where Mʹ = K, NH4, M = Pt or Pd, L = NH3 or pyridine, and X = Cl, Br or I, have been studied. The single-crystal polarized reflectance spectra indicate the one-dimensional semiconductor behaviour. The polarized resonance Raman spectra confirm the --M(II)--X-M(IV)-X linear chain structure, which is in accordance with the X-ray results. The polarization of M-N bands can be explained by the Snyder's theory (1971).

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CLUSTER STRUCTURE OF UNSTABLE NUCLEI STUDIED WITH AMD

International Journal of Modern Physics E ◽

10.1142/s0218301308011574 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 2336-2344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

YOSHIKO KANADA-EN'YO ◽

MASAAKI KIMURA ◽

YASUTAKA TANIGUCHI ◽

TADAHIRO SUHARA

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Excited States ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Linear Chain ◽

Cluster Structure ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Unstable Nuclei ◽

Linear Chain Structure

We report three-center cluster structures in the excited states of 11 B (11 C ), 8 He and 14 C based on theoretical calculations with the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD). In particular we discuss the cluster gas-like states 2α + t(2α+3 He ) in 11 B (11 C ) and α + 2n + 2n in 8 He . In 14 C , the 3α linear-chain structure is discussed.

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One-dimensional zinc phosphates with linear chain structure

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids ◽

10.1016/s0022-3697(01)00064-6 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 62 (8) ◽

pp. 1481-1491 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ayi A Ayi ◽

S Neeraj ◽

Amitava Choudhury ◽

Srinivasan Natarajan ◽

C.N.R Rao

Keyword(s):

Linear Chain ◽

Chain Structure ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Zinc Phosphates ◽

Linear Chain Structure

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Crystal structure of a 1:1 co-crystal of the anticancer drug gefitinib with azelaic acid

Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications ◽

10.1107/s2056989020006623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 884-888

Author(s):

Christy P. George ◽

Ekta Sangtani ◽

Rajesh G. Gonnade

Keyword(s):

Azelaic Acid ◽

Linear Chain ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Asymmetric Unit ◽

Acidic Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Linear Chain Structure ◽

Nonanedioic Acid ◽

Stable Polymorph ◽

Close Contacts

In the title co-crystal, C22H24ClFN4O3·C9H16O4, gefitinib (GTB; systematic name: quinazolin-4-amine) co-crystallizes with azelaic acid (AA; systematic name: nonanedioic acid). The co-crystal has the monoclinic P21/n centrosymmetric space group, containing one molecule each of GTB and AA in the asymmetric unit. A structure overlay of the GTB molecule in the co-crystal with that of its most stable polymorph revealed a significant difference in the conformation of the morpholine moiety. The significant deviation in the conformation of one of the acidic groups of azelaic acid from its usual linear chain structure could be due to the encapsulation of one acidic group in the pocket formed between the two pincers of GTB namely, the morpholine and phenyl moieties. Both GTB and AA molecules form N—H...O, O—H...N, C—H...O hydrogen bonds with C—H...F close contacts along with off-stacked aromatic π–π interactions between the GTB molecules.

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Coulomb shift in the mirror pair of C14 and O14 as a signature of the linear-chain structure

Physical Review C ◽

10.1103/physrevc.99.021303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Baba ◽

M. Kimura

Keyword(s):

Linear Chain ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Mirror Pair ◽

Linear Chain Structure

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STRUCTURE OF EXCITED STATES IN 14C

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x09045777 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 2183-2190

Author(s):

TADAHIRO SUHARA ◽

YOSHIKO KANADA-EN'YO

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Excited States ◽

Linear Chain ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Cluster Core ◽

Dynamics Model ◽

Ground Band ◽

Linear Chain Structure ◽

Model Variation

Structure of excited states in 14 C were investigated with a method of the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics model. Variation with constraints on the quadrupole deformations (β, γ) was performed, and the configurations were superposed within the AMD framework. Above the ground band, three excited bands with the developed 3α-cluster core structures were suggested. Characteristic structures such as a triaxial structure and a linear-chain structure appear in the excited bands. It was found that the 10 Be correlation exists in the linear-chain structure.

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