Rendering Fat and Heavy Fischer-Tropsch Waxes Mixtures (0–100%) Fast Pyrolysis Tests for the Production of Ethylene and Propylene

A great emphasis is placed on searching for efficient sources to produce renewable fuels due to the actual trends in avoiding the use of fossil resources to mitigate the environment’s deterioration. Thus, the use of waste from the food or wood industry for the production of biofuels is widely researched and may contribute to sustainable general development. Rendered fat and Fischer-Tropsch waxes are high-energy materials which could be used for the pyrolysis reaction. Therefore, in this study, the effect of reaction parameters and feedstock composition on the distribution of the pyrolysis products has been examined. The experiments were carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere in a multi-shot pyrolizer instrument equipped with GC-FID. First, the influence of the temperature was examined at 785, 800, and 815 °C. The highest yield to olefins was observed at 815 °C. The effect of triglycerides and paraffins contents (0–100% with 10% ramp) in the feedstock on the product composition was investigated at 815 °C. The gas chromatography analyses revealed that the feedstock composition did not significantly affect the product composition due to the high temperature and the long linear chain structure similarities between the free fatty acids and Fischer-Tropsch waxes.

Structure, phase transition and properties of the one-dimensional antiferromagnet Cu(2,6-dimethylpyrazine)Br2

Novel transition from linear to non-linear chain structure was discovered in a one-dimensional magnet Cu(2,6-dimethylpyrazine)Br2.

Crystal structure of a 1:1 co-crystal of the anticancer drug gefitinib with azelaic acid

In the title co-crystal, C22H24ClFN4O3·C9H16O4, gefitinib (GTB; systematic name: quinazolin-4-amine) co-crystallizes with azelaic acid (AA; systematic name: nonanedioic acid). The co-crystal has the monoclinic P21/n centrosymmetric space group, containing one molecule each of GTB and AA in the asymmetric unit. A structure overlay of the GTB molecule in the co-crystal with that of its most stable polymorph revealed a significant difference in the conformation of the morpholine moiety. The significant deviation in the conformation of one of the acidic groups of azelaic acid from its usual linear chain structure could be due to the encapsulation of one acidic group in the pocket formed between the two pincers of GTB namely, the morpholine and phenyl moieties. Both GTB and AA molecules form N—H...O, O—H...N, C—H...O hydrogen bonds with C—H...F close contacts along with off-stacked aromatic π–π interactions between the GTB molecules.

Two spin-canted antiferromagnetic orderings and a field-induced metamagnetic transition in SrMn2(VO4)2(H2O)2

A new transition-metal vanadate, SrMn2(VO4)2(H2O)2, with a linear-chain structure exhibits two spin-canted orderings and field-induced metamagnetism.

A one-dimensional bromide-bridged PtII/PtIV mixed-valence complex with a 2-bromoethanesulfonate counter-ion

The title salt, catena-poly[[[bis(ethylenediamine)platinum(II)]-μ-bromido-[bis(ethylenediamine)platinum(IV)]-μ-bromido] tetrakis(2-bromoethanesulfonate) dihydrate], {[PtIIPtIVBr2(C2H8N2)4](C2H4BrSO3)4·2H2O} n , crystallizes in the space group P21212. It has a linear chain structure extending parallel to the c axis, composed of square-planar [Pt(en)2]2+ and elongated octahedral trans-[PtBr2(en)2]2+ cations (en is ethylenediamine) stacked alternately and bridged by the Br atoms. The Pt site of the [PtII/IV(en)2] unit is located on a general position. The Br site, which is also located on a general position, is equally disordered over two positions. The Pt and Br atoms form a slight zigzag ...Br—PtIV—Br...PtII... chain, with PtIV—Br bond lengths of 2.453 (2) and 2.491 (3) Å, PtII...Br contacts of 3.069 (2) and 3.032 (3) Å, and PtIV—Br...PtII angles of 178.06 (13) and 177.70 (13)°. The mixed-valence state of the Pt site is expressed by the parameter δ = (PtIV–Br)/(PtII...Br), with values of 0.799 and 0.822 for the two independent Br atoms. In the crystal, N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds between the amine groups of the Pt complex chains, the sulfonate groups and water molecules of crystallization, stabilize the cationic columnar structure.