scholarly journals Hebrews’ High Priestly Christology: Models, Method and Aim

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Eyal Regev
Keyword(s):  
High Priest ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Shed Light

This article suggests a systematic analysis of the ways the author of the Letter to the Hebrews links Christ and the sacrificial system, exploring the author’s method of using the sacrificial system in his Christology. It points to the issues in which Hebrews embraces traditional Jewish cultic ideas and—building on these basics—those in which Hebrews greatly diverges and modifies high priestly features. The manner in which the author bases his Christology on the sacrificial cult shows that he acknowledges the efficacy of the high priest and sacrifices for contending with sin. Even when modifying the priestly cult to show that Christ’s atonement is superior to, and takes the place of, the Temple cult, he bases himself on the fundamentals of the high priest entering the Holy of Holies with blood. He uses the sacrificial cult as a model for Christology, like a map for navigating Christ’s doctrine of salvation. It is suggested that Hebrews’ aim is to make sense of Jesus’ death and atonement, perhaps even to shed light on Pauline Christological and cultic metaphors.

JUXTAPOSING LITERARY AND DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE: A NEW COPY OF THE SO-CALLED HELIODOROS STELE AND THE CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM IUDAEAE/PALAESTINAE (CIIP)

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
HANNAH M. COTTON-PALTIEL ◽  
AVNER ECKER ◽  
DOV GERA
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
High Priest ◽  
The Third ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Temple

Abstract This article was prompted by the recent discovery of two more copies of the so-called ‘Heliodoros Stele’ from Maresha. A second one from Byblos was published in 2015. The third one, re-discovered recently and published here for the first time, also comes from Maresha. The steles bear Seleukos IV's epistolary prostagma from 178 bc to his vizier Heliodoros, and forwarded to other officials with the instruction to display it in public. It contains an appointment of one Olympiodoros to be high priest in Koele Syria and Phoenicia. Both Seleukos IV and Heliodoros also appear in the story of the plundering of the Temple related in II Maccabees 3. The existence of multiple copies, though hardly surprising, made us suspect the king's apologetic tone and identify the ‘reform’ as an attempt to embellish the withdrawal of previously bestowed privileges on the Jews (so Josephus) as well as on others.

scholarly journals Images of Europeans in the Chinese Woodblock Book Huangqing zhigongtu

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1271
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Samoylov ◽  
◽  
Dmitriy I. Mayatskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
General Picture ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Shed Light

This article explores the Chinese historical and ethnographic work of the second half of the 18th century “Illustrated tributaries of the Qing Empire” (“Huangqing zhigongtu”). This book provides rich material for a systematic analysis of the views of the Chinese about European countries during the reign of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911). Twenty eight images and descriptions of a number of European nations — Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Swedes, the English, the Dutch, etc. — which were found in the book, have been identified, classified, and analyzed. A range of issues and problems related to the content of the descriptions has been established and compared with the illustrations from the book. The article pays particular attention to identifying and explaining the anthropological and socio-cultural stereotypes that shaped the image of Europeans in China. The authors of this paper have found out that due to Catholic missionaries the Chinese compilers of “Huangqing zhigongtu” must have had enough information about Europe in the first part of the Qing period. Nevertheless, they made a large number of mistakes when describing the geographical location of several nations and relations between some of them. They also misunderstood some habits, traditions or anthropological features of their inhabitants. On the other hand, the compilers were more accurate and precise with regard to political and trade activities of the Europeans in China or near its frontier. Studying the “Huangqing zhigongtu” can shed light not only on important factors that formed the general picture of the Chinese worldview, but also contribute to a better understanding of motives that determined the foreign policy of the Qing Empire.

scholarly journals Machtstrijd en sociaal protest op het tempelplein van Jeruzalem aan de vooravond van de Joodse opstand (1ste eeuw n.Chr.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Marijn Vandenberghe
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Shed Light

There is a general tendency in scholarly research into the causes of the Jewish revoltagainst Romein 66 A.D. to espouse contradictory explanations on the macro-level. As analternative, this paper explores the application ofa micro-historical and socio-anthropologicalperspective which pays more attention to the socio-cultural context in a case studyon power struggle and protest in Jerusalem during the run-up to the revolt. Eventually, thepaper aims to shed light on the different interest groups involved and the way in whichthey used the temple complex as a platform for the expression of power and protest, aswell as how the different causal factors correlate on the micro-level.

Different Names of God

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
High Priest ◽  
The Temple

This chapter addresses a problem that must have plagued the rabbis a great deal: the undeniable fact that the Hebrew Bible uses various names for God, most prominent among them Elohim and the tetragrammaton YHWH. Both names attracted the attention and curiosity of Gentiles, the latter because of the mystery surrounding it—it was originally used only by the High Priest entering the Holy of Holies of the Temple, and its proper pronunciation was deemed lost—and the former because it is grammatically a plural and hence could easily give rise to the idea that the Jews worshiped not just one God but several gods. The “heretics” apparently knew enough Hebrew to seize the opportunity and insinuate that the Jews were no different in this regard than the pagans and indeed accepted the notion of a pantheon of various gods.

scholarly journals Dissemination practices in the Spanish research system: scientists trapped in a golden cage

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Torres-Albero ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas ◽  
Jesús Rey-Rocha ◽  
María José Martín-Sempere
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Science Fair ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Spanish Research ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it offers a systematic analysis of the data available regarding Spanish scientists’ dissemination activities; on the other, it seeks to shed light on their behaviour and motivations. To do this, we consider the context of Spanish society and the conditions affecting the work and professional promotion of scientists. We present evidence from two surveys of CSIC researchers and of participants in Spain’s main science fair, with the caveat that the data were obtained in a methodologically favourable scenario. A contrast exists between scientists’ vocation to disseminate and the limitations derived from a low degree of interest in science in Spanish society, together with professional promotion policies that do not give priority to dissemination activities. This leads us to conclude that Spanish scientists are trapped between dissemination activities governed by moral values and a scarcely favourable social and professional context.

John the Evangelist

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-98
Author(s):  
John Behr
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of John ◽  
The Body ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
High Priest ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Temple

Chapter One explores the figure of John and his Gospel from historical testimony given in the second and third century CE and as treated in contemporary scholarship. The John who wrote the Gospel, the chapter argues, was not the son of Zebedee, one of the twelve apostles, but the disciple of the Lord, the Elder who resided in Ephesus. The first part of this chapter also examines, on the basis of the historical evidence, the occasion for the writing of the Gospel, and argues for the unity of the Johannine corpus (including the Apocalypse). The second part of the chapter turns to the description given by Polycrates of Ephesus that John wore the ‘petalon’ in Jerusalem, that is, that he was the high priest of the temple, which, this chapter argues, refers to the fact that, in the Gospel of John, he alone amongst the disciples stood at the foot of the cross as the body of Jesus was lifted up upon the cross as the true Temple. It was, moreover, as this chapter shows, only the followers of John who had an annual celebration of Pascha, held on 14 Nissan, until the mid to late second century, when others began to celebrate this feast on the following Sunday, leading to the Quartodeciman controversy, the association of Sunday with the Resurrection, and the development of the Tridium, the three-day celebration of the Passion.

scholarly journals The bricks of E-sagil

Iraq ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 173-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. George
Keyword(s):  
City Wall ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Textual Material ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Written Sources

The intention of this article is to continue the process of comparing modern archaeological data relating to Babylon and its buildings with the ancient written sources. Previous work has produced results for the topography of the city, particularly the location of the city's gates, quarters and temples, and has achieved some success with two individual structures, namely the temple of Marduk under the mound Amran ibn Ali, and the eastern city wall at its junction with the river defences to the south of the same mound. A newly published text adds considerably to the textual material avail able for study of the cult-centre of Marduk, so that it is useful once again to go back inside E-sagil (E-sangil).Given the exalted position of Marduk's temple at Babylon as the supreme sanctuary of Babylonia in the first millennium, it is no surprise that there survives a relatively large number of documentary sources which shed light on this building, its ground-plan and its interior. These include building inscriptions, of course, but such texts are not informative about lay-out so much as the work undertaken. Rituals are also useful, in that they sometimes describe the progress of processions in temples, but the most rewarding texts for those who would wish to know more about the ground-plan of the temple, its architecture and cultic fixtures and fittings, are: a) metrological texts which give measurements of temples, and b) “topographical” and other texts which list the ceremonial names of shrines, gates, throne-daises and other cultic fixtures and fittings.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of the Temple of the Monkey—The Next Step Towards a Comprehensive Absolute Chronology of Pachacamac, Peru

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Michczyński ◽  
Peter Eeckhout ◽  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Jacek Pawlyta
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Shed Light

The ongoing Ychsma Project aims to shed light on the chronology and function of the late Prehispanic period at the well-known archaeological site of Pachacamac, Peru, through extensive archaeological research. The Temple of the Monkey is a special building that has been cleared, mapped, and excavated within the general framework of the study of “pyramids with ramps,” the most common form of monumental architecture at the site. Through the application of radiocarbon measurements, it can be shown that the temple has been used for around 150 yr and therefore is quite different from other pyramids with ramps previously studied (see Michczyński et al. 2003). Details of the temple, 14C sample selection, and methodology, as well as results, are discussed in this paper. The research has allowed us to make significant advances in the current understanding of pyramids with ramps and the function of the site of Pachacamac as a whole.

Alcimus’ Last Command

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Daniel Lanzinger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
High Priest ◽  
The Temple

The note in 1 Maccabees 9:54 that the high priest Alcimus ordered the destruction of the wall of the inner temple court is taken by most scholars as a description of a historical event. This paper, however, suggests that the note should rather be read as part of a pro-Maccabean propaganda which serves to defame Alcimus. It is argued that, from a historical perspective, it was not Alcimus but Judas who was responsible for serious damage at the temple precinct as a result of his unsuccessful military operation against the Seleucid Acra (6:18-54). The author of 1 Maccabees tries to downplay this event and to villainise Alcimus by calling destruction what was actually restoration. The paper ends with a comparison to two other passages in 1 Maccabees (4:44-46 and 5:55-62) which shows that the suggested understanding of 9:54 fits well the strategies of legitimisation and delegitimisation that can be found throughout the book.

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