scholarly journals Mosque Architecture in Cyprus—Visible and Invisible Aspects of Form and Space, 19th to 21st Centuries

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Marko Kiessel ◽  
Asu Tozan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
North Cyprus ◽  
Greek Cypriot ◽  
Ottoman Architecture ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Architectural Survey ◽  
Turkish Cypriot

A comprehensive analysis of Cypriot mosque architecture between the 19th and 21st centuries, from the Ottoman and British colonial periods to the present, does not exist. The phase after 1974, after the division of the island into a Turkish Cypriot, predominantly Muslim north and a Greek Cypriot, mainly Christian south, is especially insufficiently studied. This paper aims to interpret Cypriot mosque architecture and its meaning(s) through a comparative analysis, considering cultural, religious, and political developments. Based on an architectural survey and studies about Muslim Cypriot culture, this study investigates formal and spatial characteristics, focusing on the presence/absence of domed plan typologies and of minarets which, as visual symbolic markers, might express shifting cultural-religious notions and/or identities. Inconspicuous mosques without domes and minarets dominate until 1974. However, with the inter-communal tensions in the 1960s, the minaret possibly became a sign of Turkish identity, besides being a cultural-religious marker. This becomes more obvious after 1974 and is stressed by the (re)introduction of the dome. Since the late 1990s, an ostentatious and unprecedented neo-Ottoman architecture emphasizes visible and invisible meanings, and the Turkish presence in Cyprus stronger than before. The new architectural language visually underlines the influences from Turkey that North Cyprus has been experiencing.

scholarly journals Past and future trends of Egypt’s water consumption and its sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Nikiel ◽  
Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Nile Water ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractFor millennia the Nile supplied Egypt with more water than needed. As the population grew and the economy expanded, demand on water increased accordingly. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis to reconstruct how total demand on water outstripped supply of the Nile water in the late 1970s, starting from a surplus of about 20 km3 per year in the 1960s leading to a deficit of about 40 km3 per year by the late 2010s. The gap is satisfied by import of virtual water. The role of economic growth in driving per capita demand on water is quantified based on detailed analysis of water use by agriculture and other sectors. We develop and test an empirical model of water demand in Egypt that relates demand on water to growth rates in the economy and population. Looking forward, we project that within this decade of the 2020 s, under nominal scenarios of population and economic growth, Egypt is likely to import more virtual water than the water supplied by the Nile, bringing into question the historical characterization of Egypt as “the gift of the Nile”.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of North and South Cyprus’ Teachers’ Perceptions of Teachers’ Unions

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402098828
Author(s):  
Fatoş Silman ◽  
Ahmet Güneyli ◽  
Osman Vaiz ◽  
Nedime Karasel-Ayda
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Teachers Unions ◽  
Greek Cypriot ◽  
Turkish Cypriot ◽  
North And South

This study aims to examine the views of primary school teachers from North and South Cyprus on Teachers’ Unions. Qualitative research and a comparative case study method were used for the study. Thirty-seven primary school teachers from North and South Cyprus participated in this study. The data were obtained through interviews and analyzed by the content analysis method. The comparison of the findings of the research suggests that the functions of trade unions are related to the pressing issues of education, teachers, and the nation in both regions. Turkish Cypriots placed emphasis on education-related functions, while for Greek Cypriots teachers-related functions mattered more. Turkish Cypriot teachers assessed the functions of their unions to be more unsatisfactory than their Greek Cypriot counterparts’.

scholarly journals Burials with arrowheads in graves of the Mazunino Culture in the Middle Kama Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
O.F. Khairullina ◽  
E.M. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Burial Rite ◽  
Grave Goods

The paper is focused on burial grounds of the Mazunino Culture (or Mazunino stage of the Cheganda Cul-ture of the Pyany Bor Cultural-Historical Community by R.D. Goldina) in the Middle Kama Region. They date to the 3rd–5th c. AD and chronologically correlate with the Great Migration Period. The processes of major and minor migrations of that time had an impact on various components of the autochthonous Kama Region cultures. The focus of our research is the burials with throwing weapons, primarily arrowheads found in the Mazunino archers’ burials. The interest in throwing weapon was trigged by the heuristical observation of anthropologist Ivan G. Shi-robokov for the Boyar «Aray» cemetery, where the existence of morphological differences in a group of buried men with arrowheads was statistically proven. To examine this phenomenon, a working hypothesis was put for-ward: intra-group differences of one small necropolis could be reflected in the burial rite and the grave goods of all Mazunino archers’ burials. In total, 148 burials and 146 skeletons with arrowheads from 12 necropolises of the Mazunino Culture have been examined. The comparative analysis of the burial rite features demonstrated a sta-ble correlation between the presence of arrowheads and male burials. The archers’ burials correspond to the burial practices of the majority of the Mazunino population. Rare deviations suggest close relations between local communities and other cultures and ethnicities, primarily with nomadic tribes. Bone arrowheads as a primary weapon of the Mazunino warriors continue the previous traditions of the Ananyino, Pyany Bor (Cheganda) / Kara-Abyz Cultures. A comprehensive analysis of the inter-occurrence of implements in male equipment with arrow-heads allowed distinguishing two conventional groups of burials. The first one is characterized by the presence of only arrowheads in the burial equipment. These grave goods were typical for Mazunino population and consisted of ordinary belts, iron knives, beads, etc. The second group was significantly different, as these were individuals who were skilled in using various weapons, and their kit included various types of weapons for both close and long-range combat. Probably, there was a military gradation among such archers, which needs to be supported by analysis of a larger number of the Mazunino burials. The results of our work need to be verified using the an-thropological materials from other Mazunino burial grounds.

scholarly journals Towards Cultural Sensitivity in Societal Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuba Krys ◽  
Yukiko Uchida ◽  
Colin Andrew Capaldi ◽  
Katarzyna Cantarero ◽  
Claudio Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Lay Beliefs ◽  
Societal Development ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Country Specific

People across cultures differ in behaviours, thoughts and preferences. Cultural sensitivity – i.e., acknowledgment of these cultural differences – in development science is a postulate known since at least the 1960s, but has remained understudied. The goal of the current paper is to address this gap and to investigate folk theories of societal development, and in particular to identify both universal and culturally specific lay beliefs on what constitutes good societal development. In this study we collected data on preferences in social developmental from 2,684 participants across nine countries from five continents. We measured preferences towards twenty-eight different development aims, and separately for preferences towards three aims constituting Human Development Index. We used a comprehensive analysis approach, consisting of multidimensional scaling, analysis of variance, and pairwise comparisons to characterize universal and country specific preference patterns. Our results demonstrate that what people understand as modernization remains substantially universal across countries, but specific pathways of development and preferences towards these pathways tend to be different between countries. We also distinguished three facets of modernization: basics for modernization (e.g., trust, safety, economic development), welfare aims (e.g., poverty eradication, education), and inclusive aims (e.g., openness, gender equality, human rights). Importantly, in all studied countries, we found that each of the three types of modernization is much more preferred than conventional aims (e.g., military, demographic, religion). Cultural sensitivity may be reflected in how development is conceptualised and measured, and in this paper we propose a method of implementing our findings into development indexes

Numerical Simulation on Deformation Features and Filling Efficiency of Channel Goaf Foundation

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 3707-3712
Author(s):  
Zhi Dong Zhou ◽  
Hong Bo Zhang ◽  
Xiu Guang Song ◽  
Hong Ya Yue
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Check Gate ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Natural Foundation ◽  
The Stability

For analyzing and evaluating the deformation features of channel goaf foundation and its effect on superstructure, according to the foundation reinforcement engineering of Ji-Liang Channel Check Gate, the comparative analysis on the differential settlement between the unfavorable foundation and natural foundation was performed by numerical simulation with FLAC3D. The computer results showed that the present foundation had obvious effect on the stability and security of the superstructure, so the engineering treatment are needed. Based on technical-economic comprehensive analysis among three treatment methods for strengthening the channel golf foundation with different kinds of filling, the reasonable method is put forward in this paper. By comparing mechanical characteristic of flashboard in channel goaf before and after strengthening, we confirmed the foundation stability of channel goaf and the security of the ground building which can satisfy the long term usage requirements.

Application of polyaniline–nylon-6 nanocomposite, GC-MS and chemometrics for rapid and comprehensive analysis of Zingiber officinale fragrance components

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4279-4287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asadollahi-Baboli ◽  
A. Aghakhani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis

Polyaniline–nylon-6 nanocomposite for headspace adsorptive microextraction together with GC-MS and chemometrics were utilized as a novel procedure for comprehensive and comparative analysis of oregano fragrance and its essential oil.

scholarly journals Excavation of Neopalatial deposits at Tholos (Kastri), Kythera

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 55-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bevan ◽  
Evangelia Kiriatz ◽  
Carl Knappett ◽  
Evangelia Kappa ◽  
Sophia Papachristou
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cultural Connections

Several rock-cut features, exposed on the surface of a trackway in the Tholos area of Kastri, Kythera, were excavated in July–August 2000 as a synergasia between Kythera Island Project and 2nd Ephoria of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities. Although the surviving deposits were extremely shallow, they produced large quantities of conical cups and other pottery of Late Minoan I date. Further comparative analysis of the features themselves and their finds suggests that these are the remains of tomb chambers similar to those excavated in the area in the 1960s. These tombs and their assemblages show extremely strong cultural connections with Crete, but also idiosyncrasies that probably reflect the particular mortuary customs of the island.

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