scholarly journals A Method for the Assessment of Textile Pilling Tendency Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3687
Author(s):  
Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko ◽  
Jarosław Gocławski ◽  
Ewa Korzeniewska
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Unnecessary Procedures ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Different Thickness

Pilling is caused by friction pulling and fuzzing the fibers of a material. Pilling is normally evaluated by visually counting the pills on a flat fabric surface. Here, we propose an objective method of pilling assessment, based on the textural characteristics of the fabric shown in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The pilling layer is first identified above the fabric surface. The percentage of protruding fiber pixels and Haralick’s textural features are then used as pilling descriptors. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to select strongly correlated features and then reduce the feature space dimensionality. The first principal component is used to quantify the intensity of fabric pilling. The results of experimental studies confirm that this method can determine the intensity of pilling. Unlike traditional methods of pilling assessment, it can also detect pilling in its early stages. The approach could help to prevent overestimation of the degree of pilling, thereby avoiding unnecessary procedures, such as mechanical removal of entangled fibers. However, the research covered a narrow group of fabrics and wider conclusions about the usefulness and limitations of this method can be drawn after examining fabrics of different thickness and chemical composition of fibers.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Association between Fibrinogen and Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability: An Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Lu Jia ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Siyu Jin ◽  
Xiaomei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Plaque Vulnerability ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Background. Fibrinogen levels have been associated with coronary plaque vulnerability in experimental studies. However, it has yet to be determined if serum fibrinogen levels are independently associated with coronary plaque vulnerability as detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods. Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who underwent coronary angiography and OCT in our department from January 2015 to August 2018 were included in this study. Coronary lesions were categorized as ruptured plaque, nonruptured with thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), and nonruptured and non-TCFA. Presence of ruptured plaque and nonruptured with TCFA was considered to be vulnerable lesions. Determinants of coronary vulnerability were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results. A total of 154 patients were included in this study; 17 patients had ruptured plaques, 15 had nonruptured plaques with TCFA, and 122 had nonruptured plaques with non-TCFA. Results of univariate analyses showed that being male, diabetes, current smoking, high body mass index (BMI), and clinical diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were associated with coronary vulnerability. No significant differences were detected in patient characteristics, coronary angiographic findings, and OCT results between patients with higher and normal fibrinogen. Results of multivariate logistic analyses showed that diabetes and ACS were associated with TCFA, while diabetes, higher BMI, and ACS were associated with plaque rupture. Conclusions. Diabetes, higher BMI, and ACS are independently associated with coronary vulnerability as detected by OCT. Serum fibrinogen was not associated with coronary vulnerability in our cohort.

Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography in percutaneous coronary intervention

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Ravinay Bhindi ◽  
Keith M. Channon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Plaque Composition ◽  
Virtual Histology ◽  
Luminal Stenosis ◽  
Artery Disease

The inadequacies of angiography to identify and characterize coronary atherosclerosis were not fully appreciated until pathologic studies revealed that coronary atherosclerosis in patients with fatal myocardial infarction was typically diffuse and in many cases was accompanied by positive remodelling, without luminal stenosis. Pathologic studies also identified the critical pathophysiogical role of plaque rupture in coronary thrombosis, and the appreciation that plaque biology and composition, rather than luminal stenosis alone, were more critical determinants of plaque behaviour. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the vulnerable plaque, prone to rupture, is characterized by a large lipid core rich in inflammatory cells, a thin fibrous cap, and by positive remodelling. The development of novel intracoronary imaging techniques has enabled a greater appreciation of plaque composition in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease in living patients. In particular, advances in intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to provide ‘virtual histology’ of coronary plaque components, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to define plaque composition in exquisite detail have provided new insights into the relationships between coronary plaque, the risk of clinical events, and the response of the vessel wall to percutaneous intervention.

scholarly journals Correlations Between Digital Planimetry and Optical Coherence Tomography, Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Assessment of Optic Disc Parameters

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Dovilė Buteikienė ◽  
Alvydas Paunksnis ◽  
Valerijus Barzdžiukas ◽  
Dalia Žaliūnienė ◽  
Jūratė Balčiūnienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Disc Area ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

Objective and Aim. In routine clinical practice, laser methods for the evaluation of optic disc parameters are expensive and not accessible for all ophthalmologists; therefore, there is a need for less expensive technique. The aim of this study was to assess correlations between the parameters of the optic disc measured by digital planimetry (DP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) in healthy and glaucoma patients with the normal biometric parameters of the eye. Material and Methods. This case-control study enrolled 40 patients with glaucoma and 32 healthy patients with the normal biometric parameters of the eye. All subjects underwent full ophthalmologic examination, digital color optic disc photography, OCT, and CSLO at the same visit. The optic disc was morphometrically analyzed by DP, OCT, and CSLO. Seven optic disc parameters were evaluated. Results. In the glaucoma group, the optic disc and cup areas (r=0.7–0.8, P<0.001) and cup-tooptic disc and rim-to-optic disc area ratios (r=0.7, P<0.001) measured by DP were strongly correlated with those measured by OCT and CSLO, while the horizontal and vertical cup-to-optic disc diameter ratios were found to be moderately correlated (r=0.6–0.7, P<0.001). In healthy patients, the optic disc and cup areas were strongly correlated (r=0.7–8.0, P<0.001). Significant differences in all optic disc parameters, except for the optic disc area, measured by DP, OCT, and CSLO were found between glaucoma and healthy patients. Conclusions. Strong correlations between the parameters of the optic disc measured by DP, OCT, and CSLO were found. There were significant differences in the parameters between healthy and glaucoma eyes measured using DP; therefore, this technique may be used for diagnosis, management, and screening of glaucoma.

scholarly journals Changes in Fabric Surface Pilling under Laser Ablation

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5832
Author(s):  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Jarosław Gocławski ◽  
Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko ◽  
Maria Walczak ◽  
Bożena Wilbik-Hałgas
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Laser Modification ◽  
Product Surface ◽  
Natural Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
The Impact

Textiles require finishing to improve their usability and functionality but in the first place, to reduce of pilling tendency, which affects all kinds of synthetic and natural fabrics. Several laser ablation tests have been applied to the selected fabrics with different chemical composition to reveal the impact of this process on the pilling behavior. To reflect the pilling changes, two textural descriptors have been proposed to textile images obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT). They showed the trend to reduce values with increasing laser power applied to the tested fabrics. It has been demonstrated, that in the case of textiles based on polyester threads, laser modification of the product surface led to a significant reduction in their tendency for pilling.

scholarly journals Efficacy of radiofrequency RDN may be significantly improved if the procedure is guided by impedance drop during the treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pekarskiy ◽  
A Baev ◽  
M Tarasov ◽  
V Mordovin ◽  
A Falkovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Superficial Tissue

Abstract Background Experimental studies of radiofrequency renal denervation (RDN) have shown a strong relation of the depth of structural lesions and completeness of renal nerve injury to the relative drop in impedance during the treatment caused by the increased permeability of the cell membranes. Thus, the otherwise successful treatments but with low impedance drop may be, in fact, totally ineffective. Objective We assessed the relation between impedance drop during single radiofrequency treatments and local structural changes of vascular wall at the electrode positions using optical coherence tomography. Methods Optical coherence tomography of the treated segments was performed during radiofrequency RDN in 14 patients with resistant hypertension. The parameters of contrast injection depended on the position of the guiding catheter: for selective branch imaging 15 ml volume was injected at 8 ml/sec speed; otherwise 30 ml of contrast was injected at the speed 15 ml/sec to flush the whole renal artery. Automatic pullback of the sensor was done with the standard speed 20 mm/sec. In total, 423 mm of treated segments in 22 renal vessels (mostly distal branches) had sufficient quality of imaging and were studied for structural changes. Results There was almost no local structural changes of the arterial wall after the treatments with low impedance drop &lt;10% reflecting a rather weak heating of even superficial tissue layers. No effect on the deeper tissue layers is expected in this case because these layers are heated almost exclusively by the heat transfer from superficial layer. In contrast, the treatments with the impedance drop 10% or greater were able to significantly affect the arterial structure causing local edema, small dissections, and local thrombi formation as a result of significant resistive heating of the superficial tissue, and, therefore, high potential for heating of the deep layers containing the renal nerves. Only approximately 40% of the point treatments had the impedance drop 10% or greater suggesting adequate lesion depth and sufficient completeness of renal nerve injury. This may indicate a rather low procedural efficacy of the current mode of radiofrequency RDN due to a large proportion of small-depth treatments marked by only a few percent decrease in impedance yet considered fully “successful”. Also, it means a potential for significant increase in the efficacy of radiofrequency RDN through controlling/guiding the treatment by the impedance drop. Conclusion Our study shows that variable efficacy of radiofrequency RDN may be explained by a significant proportion of the small-depth point treatments ineffective in terms of renal nerve injury, and, thereby, may be significantly improved if the procedure is guided by the impedance drop during the treatment. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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