scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Business Environment Assessment and Institutional Programs on Opportunity Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongseok Jang ◽  
Woo Jin Lee ◽  
Brandy Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Opportunity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Regulatory Climate ◽  
Binomial Regression

The study of the institutional characteristics that create favorable environments for opportunity entrepreneurship is critical. We seek to determine how government programs intended to support entrepreneurship impact how potential entrepreneurs view the business environment. We evaluate the effectiveness of institutional programs and the interactions between them and market optimism. We conduct a binomial regression to evaluate the probability of opportunity entrepreneurship, given the perceived quality of the business and regulatory environments. The results indicate that both have a significant influence, while the regulatory dimensions interact with the effects of the perceived quality of the business environment. We find that individuals who have optimism regarding entrepreneurship still seek assurance of a positive regulatory environment before they act. We find that those who consider it to contain promising entrepreneurship opportunities still seek a positive regulatory climate and supportive government programs before acting. Programs that create favorable financial access can encourage entrepreneurs attracted by financial returns. Similarly, favorable government programs that ensure expansion and growth may reinforce this financial optimism. Our study also adds to the literature on institutional economics, providing evidence that effective institutional factors require productive behaviors from individuals.

Investigating the Ease-of-Retrieval Effect in an Eyewitness Context

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Groncki ◽  
Jennifer L Beaudry ◽  
James D. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Bayesian Testing ◽  
Finding Study ◽  
Identification Confidence

The way in which individuals think about their own cognitive processes plays an important role in various domains. When eyewitnesses assess their confidence in identification decisions, they could be influenced by how easily relevant information comes to mind. This ease-of-retrieval effect has a robust influence on people’s cognitions in a variety of contexts (e.g., attitudes), but it has not yet been applied to eyewitness decisions. In three studies, we explored whether the ease with which eyewitnesses recall certain memorial information influenced their identification confidence assessments and related testimony-relevant judgements (e.g., perceived quality of view). We manipulated the number of reasons participants gave to justify their identification (Study 1; N = 343), and also the number of instances they provided of a weak or strong memory (Studies 2a & 2b; Ns = 350 & 312, respectively). Across the three studies, ease-of-retrieval did not affect eyewitnesses’ confidence or other testimony-relevant judgements. We then tried—and failed—to replicate Schwarz et al.’s (1991) original ease-of-retrieval finding (Study 3; N = 661). In three of the four studies, ease-of-retrieval had the expected effect on participants’ perceived task difficulty; however, frequentist and Bayesian testing showed no evidence for an effect on confidence or assertiveness ratings.

An Event Quality Scale for Participatory Running Events

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Armbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Quality Scale ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

This study focuses on the perceived quality of participatory event experiences by addressing the following question: What are the important aspects of the event experience? The aim of this research is to develop and refine a scale to measure the quality of the event experience for runners at a participatory event. The objective is to combine, apply, test, and refine the existing scales to increase our understanding of the perceived quality of events among amateur running athletes. Both affective and cognitive dimensions are included in the scale. Based on seven dimensions and 36 items, a formal scale development process is adopted. The data consist of 1,923 observations collected during a participatory event with approximately 60,000 registered participants. The seven-factor model, including immersion, surprise, participation, fun, social aspects, hedonic aspects, and service quality, was gradually revised in favor of a four-factor solution: service quality, hedonic aspects, fun, and immersion. As a result, 73.1% of the variance is extracted. This study contributes to a refined scale measuring the perceived event quality of participatory events. Service quality accounts for more than half of the variance extracted. Researchers should continue to develop research on the critical experiential dimensions in an event context. Furthermore, the links between the constructs need attention. The results suggest that event organizers should evaluate their events and event portfolios based on the scale and take actions to increase the perceived quality of these events.

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