Cytogeography of the Solidago rugosa Mill. Complex (Asteraceae: Astereae) in Eastern North America

Chromosome numbers are reported here for the first time from 117 individuals of Solidago rugosa and S. fistulosa. Including 178 previously published reports for the two species plus S. latissimifolia, chromosome numbers have been determined from 295 individuals from 269 locations. Only diploids (2n = 18) were found throughout the range of S. fistulosa on the coastal plain in the eastern U.S.A. (44 counts). Diploids (2n = 18) were found in the northern portion of the range of S. latissimifolia, and tetraploids (2n = 36) and hexaploids (2n = 54) were found in the central and southern portions of the range (nine counts in total). Diploids (2n = 18) were found throughout the range of S. rugosa in much of eastern North America in four of the five varieties (northern var. rugosa, var. sphagnophila; southern var. aspera and var. celtidifolia). Tetraploids (2n = 36) were found in all four of these varieties and exclusively in var. cronquistiana in the southern high Appalachian Mountains. Hexaploids (2n = 54) were found in var. sphagnophila at scattered locations. One possible hexaploid in var. rugosa was found in the Allegheny Mountains. The diversity in ploidy levels was independent of the size of the range and the diversity of growing conditions among the three species of S. subsect. Venosae.

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Carabodes of the eastern United States and adjacent Canada (Acari: Oribatida: Carabodidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z92-276 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 2042-2058 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Marcel Reeves

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North America ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Appalachian Mountains ◽

Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Thelytokous Parthenogenesis ◽

Atlantic Coastal

Adults of four new species of Carabodes, C. chandleri, C. erectus, C. interruptus, and C. pentasetosus, and the immatures of C. erectus, are described. All have been collected from a variety of forest-floor habitats, with C. chandleri, C. interruptus, and C. pentasetosus more common in leaf litter, and C. erectus preferring polyporous fungi. All four species are widely distributed in eastern North America, with C. chandleri, C. erectus, and C. interruptus more abundant in samples from the Appalachian Mountains and C. pentasetosus in those from the Atlantic coastal plain. Thelytokous parthenogenesis is suspected to occur in C. pentasetosus n.sp. and Carabodes granulatus Banks. A key to the 19 species of Carabodes found in North America is provided.

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Apheloria polychroma, a new species of millipede from the Cumberland Mountains (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4375.3.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4375 (3) ◽

pp. 409

Author(s):

PAUL E. MAREK ◽

JACKSON C. MEANS ◽

DEREK A. HENNEN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

North America ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Appalachian Mountains ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Ouachita Mountains ◽

Model Species ◽

Color Morphs ◽

Cumberland Mountains ◽

A New Species

Millipedes of the genus Apheloria Chamberlin, 1921 occur in temperate broadleaf forests throughout eastern North America and west of the Mississippi River in the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains. Chemically defended with toxins made up of cyanide and benzaldehyde, the genus is part of a community of xystodesmid millipedes that compose several Müllerian mimicry rings in the Appalachian Mountains. We describe a model species of these mimicry rings, Apheloria polychroma n. sp., one of the most variable in coloration of all species of Diplopoda with more than six color morphs, each associated with a separate mimicry ring.

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Cytogenetics and Genome Size Evolution in Illicium L.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12922-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 620-623

Author(s):

Thomas G. Ranney ◽

Connor F. Ryan ◽

Lauren E. Deans ◽

Nathan P. Lynch

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Genome Size ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Basal Angiosperm ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Genome Size Evolution ◽

Size Evolution ◽

Improvement Programs

Illicium is an ancient genus and member of the earliest diverging angiosperms known as the Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales (ANA) grade. These adaptable, broadleaf evergreen shrubs, including ≈40 species distributed throughout Asia and North America, are valued for diverse culinary, medicinal, and ornamental applications. The study of cytogenetics of Illicium can clarify various discrepancies and further elucidate chromosome numbers, ploidy, and chromosome and genome size evolution in this basal angiosperm lineage and provide basic information to guide plant breeding and improvement programs. The objectives of this study were to use flow cytometry and traditional cytology to determine chromosome numbers, ploidy levels, and relative genome sizes of cultivated Illicium. Of the 29 taxa sampled, including ≈11 species and one hybrid, 2C DNA contents ranged from 24.5 pg for Illicium lanceolatum to 27.9 pg for Illicium aff. majus. The genome sizes of Illicium species are considerably higher than other ANA grade lineages indicating that Illicium went through considerable genome expansion compared with sister lineages. The New World sect. Cymbostemon had a slightly lower mean 2C genome size of 25.1 pg compared with the Old World sect. Illicium at 25.9 pg, providing further support for recognizing these taxonomic sections. All taxa appeared to be diploid and 2n = 2x = 28, except for Illicium floridanum and Illicium mexicanum which were found to be 2n = 2x = 26, most likely resulting from dysploid reduction after divergence into North America. The base chromosome number of x = 14 for most Illicium species suggests that Illicium are ancient paleotetraploids that underwent a whole genome duplication derived from an ancestral base of x = 7. Information on cytogenetics, coupled with phylogenetic analyses, identifies some limitations, but also considerable potential for the development of plant breeding and improvement programs with this genus.

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Review of the New World species of Microplitis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) attacking Sphingidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/1876312x-bja10026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Mostafa Ghafouri Moghaddam ◽

Sloan Tomlinson ◽

Samuel Jaffe ◽

Diana Carolina Arias-Penna ◽

James B. Whitfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

New Hampshire ◽

New World ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Plant Association ◽

Distribution Map ◽

New Host ◽

World Species ◽

Allegheny Mountains

Abstract Microplitis Foerster is a highly diverse and cosmopolitan genus within Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae). Microplitis ceratomiae Riley, a widely distributed North American species, exclusively attacks sphingid caterpillars. In this paper, M. ceratomiae is reported parasitizing a caterpillar of Sphinx poecila Stephens (Sphingidae) which was collected feeding on Spiraea alba Du Roi (Rosaceae), a species of white meadowsweet native to the wet soils of the Allegheny Mountains and other portions of eastern North America. Here, we report and describe this new host-parasitoid-food plant association in southern New Hampshire, and include a distribution map for the species. Biological, ecological and phylogenetic analyses, and an identification key for the nine known species of Microplitis that attack sphingids in the New World are provided.

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Ptiliidae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada (Coleoptera): new records and bionomic notes

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1423.1.2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1423 (1) ◽

pp. 27-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CHRISTOPHER G. MAJKA ◽

MIKAEL SÖRENSSON

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Prince Edward Island ◽

New Records ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Maritime Provinces ◽

The Family ◽

Saproxylic Species ◽

Undisturbed Forest ◽

First Time ◽

Forest Conditions

The Ptiliidae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada is surveyed. Twenty-nine new provincial records from the Maritime Provinces of Canada are reported including the first records of the family from Prince Edward Island. Fourteen species are recorded for the first time for the Maritime Provinces as a whole. Acrotrichis josephi (Matthews) is recorded for the first time in eastern North America and Acrotrichis haldemani (LeConte) is recorded for the first time in Canada. The genus Pteryx is reported for the first time in Canada. At least 29 species of Ptiliidae are now known to occur in the region. The fauna is briefly discussed in terms of its overall composition, introduced species, and species associated with particular habitats. Saproxylic species found in mature forests are discussed and attention is drawn to their possible relationship to undisturbed forest conditions and the scarcity of old-growth habitats in the region.

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An endemic groundwater fauna in unglaciated eastern North America

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z95-057 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 502-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

David L. Strayer ◽

Sarah E. May ◽

Pamela Nielsen ◽

Wilfried Wollheim ◽

Sharon Hausam

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Invertebrate Fauna ◽

Groundwater Fauna ◽

First Time ◽

Rich Fauna

Invertebrates specialized for life in groundwater (stygobionts) are diverse and widely distributed in Europe but poorly known in North America. A survey of the invertebrate fauna at 14 sites in eastern North America shows that unglaciated ancient terrain in eastern North America contains a rich fauna of stygobionts. Several groups of stygobionts (the polychaete Troglochaetus sp., an undescribed genus of aphanoneuran annelid, a possibly undescribed family of oligochaetes, bathynellacean crustaceans, and microcerberid isopods) are reported for the first time from eastern North America. Stygobionts are infrequent north of the glacial border, suggesting that they have not yet been able to disperse into glaciated terrain. The extraordinarily slow dispersal rates implied by these distributions have important ecological ramifications. The few stygobionts found north of the glacial border may have survived glaciation in subglacial refugia.

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Late Santonian megaspore floras from the Gulf Coastal Plain (Georgia, USA)

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1666/10-056.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Richard Lupia

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

North America ◽

Late Cretaceous ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Gulf Coastal Plain ◽

Two New Species ◽

Western Interior Basin ◽

Heterosporous Ferns

Fossil megaspore floras from the Late Cretaceous of North America have been studied extensively, but primarily from the Western Interior Basin. Two new megaspore floras are described from eastern North America along the Gulf Coastal Plain. Cumulatively, 10 genera and 16 species of megaspores are recognized from Allon, Georgia and along Upatoi Creek, Georgia (both late Santonian in age, ~84 Ma). Megaspores identified have affinities to both heterosporous lycopsids, e.g., Erlansonisporites, Minerisporites, and Paxillitriletes, and to heterosporous ferns, e.g., Ariadnaesporites, and Molaspora. Lycopsid megaspores are more diverse than fern megaspores in the Allon and the Upatoi Creek floras. Two new species—Erlansonisporites confundus n. sp. and Erlansonisporites potens n. sp.—are proposed.

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A late-surviving apatemyid (Mammalia: Apatotheria) from the latest Oligocene of Florida, USA

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1509 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. e1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicholas J. Czaplewski ◽

Gary S. Morgan

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

North America ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Gulf Coastal Plain ◽

Early Oligocene ◽

Alachua County ◽

The Family ◽

Distal Edge ◽

A New Species

A new species of Apatemyidae,Sinclairella simplicidens, is based on four isolated teeth that were screenwashed from fissure fillings at the late Oligocene Buda locality, Alachua County, Florida. Compared to its only congenerSinclairella dakotensis, the new species is characterized by upper molars with more simplified crowns, with the near absence of labial shelves and stylar cusps except for a strong parastyle on M1, loss of paracrista and paraconule on M2 (paraconule retained but weak on M1), lack of anterior cingulum on M1–M3, straighter centrocristae, smaller hypocone on M1 and M2, larger hypocone on M3, distal edge of M2 continuous from hypocone to postmetacrista supporting a large posterior basin, and with different tooth proportions in which M2 is the smallest rather than the largest molar in the toothrow. The relatively rare and poorly-known family Apatemyidae has a long temporal range in North America from the late Paleocene (early Tiffanian) to early Oligocene (early Arikareean). The new species from Florida significantly extends this temporal range by roughly 5 Ma to the end of the Paleogene near the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (from early Arikareean, Ar1, to late Arikareean, Ar3), and greatly extends the geographic range of the family into eastern North America some 10° of latitude farther south and 20° of longitude farther east (about 2,200 km farther southeast) than previously known. This late occurrence probably represents a retreat of this subtropically adapted family into the Gulf Coastal Plain subtropical province at the end of the Paleogene and perhaps the end of the apatemyid lineage in North America.

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