scholarly journals Evidence of West Nile Virus (WNV) Circulation in Wild Birds and WNV RNA Negativity in Mosquitoes of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania, 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vasić ◽  
Luanda Oșlobanu ◽  
Mihai Marinov ◽  
Luciana Crivei ◽  
Ioana Rățoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic flavivirus whose transmission cycle in nature includes wild birds as amplifying hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors. Bridge vectors can transmit WNV to mammal species potentially causing West Nile Fever. Wild bird migration is a mode of WNV introduction into new areas. The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR) is a major stopover of wild birds migrating between Europe and Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of WNV in the DDBR during the 2016 transmission season in wild birds and mosquitoes. Blood from 68 wild birds (nine different species) trapped at four different locations was analyzed by competitive ELISA and Virus Neutralization Test (VNT), revealing positive results in 8/68 (11.8%) of the wild birds by ELISA of which six samples (three from juvenile birds) were confirmed seropositive by VNT. Mosquitoes (n = 6523, 5 genera) were trapped with CDC Mini Light traps at two locations and in one location resting mosquitoes were caught. The presence of WNV RNA was tested in 134 pools by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). None of the pools was positive for WNV-specific RNA. Based on the obtained results, WNV was circulating in the DDBR during 2016.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of West Nile Virus Epidemic in South Banat District, Serbia, 2017–2019

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Sonja Radojicic ◽  
Aleksandar Zivulj ◽  
Tamas Petrovic ◽  
Jakov Nisavic ◽  
Vesna Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-born pathogen, which is transmitted from wild birds through mosquitoes to humans and animals. At the end of the 20th century, the first West Nile fever (WNF) outbreaks among humans in urban environments in Eastern Europe and the United States were reported. The disease continued to spread to other parts of the continents. In Serbia, the largest number of WNV-infected people was recorded in 2018. This research used spatial statistics to identify clusters of WNV infection in humans and animals in South Banat County, Serbia. The occurrence of WNV infection and risk factors were analyzed using a negative binomial regression model. Our research indicated that climatic factors were the main determinant of WNV distribution and were predictors of endemicity. Precipitation and water levels of rivers had an important influence on mosquito abundance and affected the habitats of wild birds, which are important for maintaining the virus in nature. We found that the maximum temperature of the warmest part of the year and the annual temperature range; and hydrographic variables, e.g., the presence of rivers and water streams were the best environmental predictors of WNF outbreaks in South Banat County.

scholarly journals Ecology of West Nile Virus in the Danube Delta, Romania: Phylogeography, Xenosurveillance and Mosquito Host-Feeding Patterns

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Tomazatos ◽  
Stephanie Jansen ◽  
Stefan Pfister ◽  
Edina Török ◽  
Iulia Maranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Culex Pipiens S.L

The ecology of West Nile virus (WNV) in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (Romania) was investigated by combining studies on the virus genetics, phylogeography, xenosurveillance and host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes. Between 2014 and 2016, 655,667 unfed and 3842 engorged mosquito females were collected from four sampling sites. Blood-fed mosquitoes were negative for WNV-RNA, but two pools of unfed Culex pipiens s.l./torrentium collected in 2014 were tested positive. Our results suggest that Romania experienced at least two separate WNV lineage 2 introductions: from Africa into Danube Delta and from Greece into south-eastern Romania in the 1990s and early 2000s, respectively. The genetic diversity of WNV in Romania is primarily shaped by in situ evolution. WNV-specific antibodies were detected for 19 blood-meals from dogs and horses, but not from birds or humans. The hosts of mosquitoes were dominated by non-human mammals (19 species), followed by human and birds (23 species). Thereby, the catholic host-feeding pattern of Culex pipiens s.l./torrentium with a relatively high proportion of birds indicates the species’ importance as a potential bridge vector. The low virus prevalence in combination with WNV-specific antibodies indicate continuous, but low activity of WNV in the Danube Delta during the study period.

Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve—Long-Term Assessment of Water Quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Cristina Despina ◽  
Liliana Teodorof ◽  
Adrian Burada ◽  
Daniela Seceleanu-Odor ◽  
Iuliana-Mihaela Tudor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve

A Snapshot Avian Surveillance Reveals West Nile Virus and Evidence of Wild Birds Participating in Toscana Virus Circulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 698-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabri Hacioglu ◽  
Ender Dincer ◽  
Cafer Tayer Isler ◽  
Zeynep Karapinar ◽  
Veysel Soydal Ataseven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
West Nile

The survey of wild birds for West Nile virus in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Niczyporuk ◽  
E. Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽  
W. Kozdruń ◽  
Z. Mizak
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
The Brain

The survey of wild birds for West Nile virus in PolandTwo thousand one hundred and forty birds belonging to 39 different species from different locations in Poland were examined. The study has taken place from the early spring till late autumn 2007-2010 when the activity of the mosquitoes was the highest. The brain samples were taken from the birds and whole cellular RNA was isolated, then the RT-PCR and NRT-PCR were performed to detect the presence of West Nile virus (WNV). The obtained results were confirmed by the commercial WNV Kit. No genetic material of WNV was found in the examined samples.

Surveillance on antibodies against West Nile virus, Usutu virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and Tribeč virus in wild birds in Drienovská wetland, Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Csank ◽  
Ľuboš Korytár ◽  
Terézia Pošiváková ◽  
Tamás Bakonyi ◽  
Juraj Pistl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Increase in human West Nile and Usutu virus infections, Austria, 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan W. Aberle ◽  
Jolanta Kolodziejek ◽  
Christof Jungbauer ◽  
Karin Stiasny ◽  
Judith H. Aberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Imported Cases

Between 28 June and 17 September 2018, 27 cases of human West Nile virus infections were recorded in Austria; four cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease, 11 cases of West Nile fever, six infections detected by blood donation screening and six imported cases. In addition, 18 cases of human Usutu virus infections (all blood donors) were recorded. This is the highest number of annual infections recorded in Austria since the introduction of both viruses.

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