scholarly journals Human West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Infection: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virological Findings

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Alessandro Sinigaglia ◽  
Elisa Franchin ◽  
Silvana Pagni ◽  
Enrico Lavezzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Lineage 2

West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 is expanding and causing large outbreaks in Europe. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, and virological features of WNV lineage 2 infection during the large outbreak that occurred in northern Italy in 2018. The study population included 86 patients with neuroinvasive disease (WNND), 307 with fever (WNF), and 34 blood donors. Phylogenetic analysis of WNV full genome sequences from patients’ samples showed that the virus belonged to the widespread central/southern European clade of WNV lineage 2 and was circulating in the area at least since 2014. The incidence of WNND and WNF progressively increased with age and was higher in males than in females. Among WNND patients, the case fatality rate was 22%. About 70% of blood donors reported symptoms during follow-up. Within the first week after symptom onset, WNV RNA was detectable in the blood or urine of 80% of patients, while 20% and 40% of WNND and WNF patients, respectively, were WNV IgM-seronegative. In CSF samples of WNND patients, WNV RNA was typically detectable when WNV IgM antibodies were absent. Blunted or no WNV IgM response and high WNV IgG levels were observed in seven patients with previous flavivirus immunity.

scholarly journals Increase in human West Nile and Usutu virus infections, Austria, 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan W. Aberle ◽  
Jolanta Kolodziejek ◽  
Christof Jungbauer ◽  
Karin Stiasny ◽  
Judith H. Aberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Imported Cases

Between 28 June and 17 September 2018, 27 cases of human West Nile virus infections were recorded in Austria; four cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease, 11 cases of West Nile fever, six infections detected by blood donation screening and six imported cases. In addition, 18 cases of human Usutu virus infections (all blood donors) were recorded. This is the highest number of annual infections recorded in Austria since the introduction of both viruses.

scholarly journals First autochthonous human West Nile virus infections in the Netherlands, July to August 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danique RM Vlaskamp ◽  
Steven FT Thijsen ◽  
Johan Reimerink ◽  
Pieter Hilkens ◽  
Willem H Bouvy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
First Case ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Lineage 2

In October 2020, the first case of autochthonous West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease was diagnosed in the Netherlands with a presumed infection in the last week of August. Investigations revealed five more cases of local West Nile virus (WNV) infection. The cases resided in a region where WNV was detected in a bird and mosquitoes in August 2020. Molecular analysis was successful for two cases and identified the presence of WNV lineage 2.

scholarly journals Genome sequence analysis of the first human West Nile virus isolated in Italy in 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Barzon ◽  
E Franchin ◽  
L Squarzon ◽  
E Lavezzo ◽  
S Toppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
First Time

In 2009, six new human cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) were identified in Veneto region, following the six cases already reported in 2008. A human West Nile virus (WNV) isolate was obtained for the first time from an asymptomatic blood donor. Whole genome sequence of the human WNV isolate showed close phylogenetic relatedness to the Italy-1998-WNV strain and to other WNV strains recently isolated in Europe, with the new acquisition of the NS3-Thr249Pro mutation, a trait associated with avian virulence, increased virus transmission, and the occurrence of outbreaks in humans.

scholarly journals Emergence of West Nile virus lineage 2 in Europe: Characteristics of the first seven cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in horses in Austria

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phebe Heus ◽  
Jolanta Kolodziejek ◽  
Jeremy V. Camp ◽  
Katharina Dimmel ◽  
Zoltán Bagó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals Persistence of West Nile Virus-Specific Antibodies in Viremic Blood Donors

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1228-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry E. Prince ◽  
Leslie H. Tobler ◽  
Cindy Yeh ◽  
Nelly Gefter ◽  
Brian Custer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Persistence

ABSTRACT We evaluated West Nile virus (WNV) antibody persistence by using follow-up plasma samples from 35 blood donors who made viremic donations in 2005. At 26 to 34 days of follow-up, all of the donors (n = 33) were positive for WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG. At 1-year of follow-up, 17% of the donors (n = 23) were positive for WNV IgM, 57% were positive for WNV IgA, and 100% were positive for WNV IgG.

Is West Nile Virus infection associated with myasthenia gravis?

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Fatma Aybala Altay ◽  
Hayat Güven ◽  
Gönül Çiçek Şentürk ◽  
Sevgi Ferik ◽  
İrfan Şencan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Positive Results

Background Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease which is characterised by disruption of signal transmission at neuromuscular junction. We aimed to search about a newly reported association between MG and West Nile Virus (WNV) infection. Methods We searched WNV IgG by ELISA in serum samples of 50 available MG patients and 38 controls. Results None of the samples gave positive results for past WNV infection. Conclusion No evidence of past WNV infection was found in our study population of MG patients. This may have been because MG has been showed to be related with neuroinvasive WNV, which none of our study subjects seem to have had based on their stories. New multicentre studies focusing on immunological mechanisms and held with larger groups or especially neuroinvasive disease patients can cast light onto the answer of this question.

scholarly journals Interferon and Interferon-Induced Chemokine Expression Is Associated with Control of Acute Viremia in West Nile Virus-Infected Blood Donors

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 979-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie H. Tobler ◽  
Mark J. Cameron ◽  
Marion C. Lanteri ◽  
Harry E. Prince ◽  
Ali Danesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Serial Samples

Abstract To understand early host responses controlling West Nile virus (WNV) infection, acutely viremic blood donors, identified by nucleic acid amplification testing, were enrolled and monitored for RNA-clearance and WNV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Viral load and chemokine and cytokine assays were performed on serial samples from donors whose index and first follow-up samples tested negative for IgM. A total of 84% of the specimens obtained from viremic donors before IgM/IgG seroconversion demonstrated a decreasing viral load. Levels of interferon (IFN)-α ere significantly increased before IgM seroconversion, relative to those in control specimens. CXCL10 and CCL2 were significantly elevated in donor specimens obtained before IgM seroconversion, compared with those obtained after IgM seroconversion. These findings suggest that IFN-mediated innate immunity plays a key role in initial control of WNV replication.

scholarly journals Follow-up of 2003 Human West Nile Virus Infections, Denver, Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Patnaik ◽  
Heath Harmon ◽  
Richard L. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Human West Nile Virus

Human West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in Texas, 2003 Epidemic: Regional Differences

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Warner ◽  
Robert C. Kimbrough ◽  
James L. Alexander ◽  
J. Rush Pierce ◽  
Tigi Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus
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