scholarly journals Diversity of Coronaviruses in Wild Representatives of the Aves Class in Poland

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz ◽  
Justyna Miłek-Krupa ◽  
Anna Pikuła
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
White Storks ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Common Pheasant ◽  
Common Snipe ◽  
Distinct Phylogenetic Lineage

The revealed prevalence of coronaviruses in wild bird populations in Poland was 4.15% and the main reservoirs were birds from orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, with a prevalence of 3.51% and 5.59%, respectively. Gammacoronaviruses were detected more often than deltacoronaviruses, with detection rates of 3.5% and 0.7%, respectively. Gammacoronaviruses were detected in birds belonging to six orders, including Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Columbiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, and Passeriformes, indicating a relatively wide host range. Interestingly, this was the only coronavirus detected in Anseriformes (3.51%), while in Charadriiformes, the prevalence was 3.1%. The identified gammacoronaviruses belonged to the Igacovirus and Brangacovirus subgeneras. Most of these were igacoviruses and formed a common phylogenetic group with a Duck Coronavirus 2714 and two with an Avian Coronavirus/Avian Coronavirus9203, while the viruses from the pigeons formed a distinct “pigeon-like” group, not yet officially represented. The presence of deltacoronaviruses was detected in birds belonging to three orders, Charadriiformes, Galliformes, and Suliformes indicating a narrower host range. Most identified deltacoronaviruses belonged to the Buldecovirus subgenus, while only one belonged to Herdecovirus. Interestingly, the majority of buldecoviruses were identified in gulls, and they formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage not represented by any officially ratified virus species. Another separate group of buldecoviruses, also not represented by the official species, was formed by a virus identified in a common snipe. Only one identified buldecovirus (from common pheasant) formed a group with the ratified species Coronavirus HKU15. The results obtained indicate the high diversity of detected coronaviruses, and thus also the need to update their taxonomy (establishing new representative virus species). The serological studies performed revealed antibodies against an infectious bronchitis virus in the sera of white storks and mallards.

scholarly journals Contributions of the S2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Promkuntod ◽  
I.N. Ambepitiya Wickramasinghe ◽  
G. de Vrieze ◽  
A. Gröne ◽  
M.H. Verheije
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

Flaviviruses excluding dengue

2020 ◽  
pp. 830-845
Author(s):  
Shannan Lee Rossi ◽  
Nikos Vasilakis
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Host

The family Flaviviridae currently consists of four recognized genera: Flavivirus, Pestivirus, Hepacivirus, and Pegivirus. Although members of the family have a large host range that includes both vertebrates and invertebrates, only members of the genus Flavivirus are known as arboviruses, vectored either by mosquitoes or ticks. The remaining genera in the family are exclusively found in mammals, and their diversity has greatly expanded with recent virus discoveries. The genus Flavivirus comprises 92 virus species, of which over 40 can cause human infection. Many of these include important human pathogens such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis virus.

scholarly journals Delving Below the Species Level To Characterize the Ecological Diversity within the Global Virome: An Exploration of West Nile Virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Kong ◽  
Kelly Mei ◽  
Ammie Wang ◽  
Danny Krizanc ◽  
Frederick M. Cohan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
West Nile ◽  
A Genome

SummaryEfforts to describe the diversity of viruses have largely focused on classifying viruses at the species level. However, substantial ecological diversity, both in virulence level and host range, is known within virus species. Here we demonstrate a proof of concept for easily discovering ecological diversity within a virus species taxon. We have focused on the West Nile Virus to take advantage of its broad host range in nature. We produced a genome-based phylogeny of world diversity of WNV and then used Ecotype Simulation 2 to hypothesize demarcation of genomes into 69 putative ecotypes (ecologically distinct populations), based only on clustering of genome sequences. Then we looked for evidence of ecological divergence among ecotypes based on differences in host bird associations within the Connecticut-New York region. Our results indicated significant heterogeneity among ecotypes for their associations with different bird hosts. Ecological diversity within other zoonotic viruses could be easily discovered using this approach. Opportunities for extending this line of research to human associations of virus ecotypes are limited by missing geographic metadata on human samples.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Biological Activity of Two Closely Related Alphabaculoviruses during Serial Passage in Permissive and Semi-Permissive Heterologous Hosts

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Belda ◽  
Beperet ◽  
Williams ◽  
Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Mamestra Brassicae ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Permissive Host ◽  
Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) and Helicoverpa armigera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearMNPV) may be strains of the same virus species. Most of the studies comparing their biological activities have been performed in their homologous hosts. A comparison of host range and stability in alternative hosts was performed. The host range of these viruses was compared using high concentrations of inoculum to inoculate second instars of six species of Lepidoptera. One semi-permissive host (Spodoptera littoralis) and one permissive host (S. exigua) were then selected and used to perform six serial passages involving a concentration corresponding to the ~25% lethal concentration for both viruses. Restriction endonuclease analysis showed fragment length polymorphisms in every host-virus system studied. In S. littoralis, serial passage of MbMNPV resulted in decreased pathogenicity and an increase in speed-of-kill, whereas no significant changes were detected for HearMNPV with respect to the initial inoculum. In contrast, both viruses showed a similar trend in S. exigua. These results highlight the low genetic diversity and a high phenotypic stability of HearMNPV with respect to the original inoculum after six successive passages in both insect hosts. This study concludes that host-baculovirus interactions during serial passage are complex and the process of adaptation to a novel semi-permissive host is far from predictable.

Avian influenza surveillance in Central and West Africa, 2010–2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2205-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. FULLER ◽  
M. F. DUCATEZ ◽  
K. Y. NJABO ◽  
E. COUACY-HYMANN ◽  
A. CHASAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Congo Brazzaville

SUMMARYAvian influenza virus (AIV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, resulting in global human morbidity and mortality and substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Poultry and wild birds have transmitted AIV to humans, most frequently subtypes H5 and H7, but also different strains and subtypes of H6, H9, and H10. Determining which birds are AIV reservoirs can help identify human populations that have a high risk of infection with these viruses due to occupational or recreational exposure to the reservoir species. To assess the prevalence of AIV in tropical birds, from 2010 to 2014, we sampled 40 099 birds at 32 sites in Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon) and West Africa (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo). In Central Africa, detection rates by real-time RT–PCR were 16·6% in songbirds (eight passerine families,n = 1257), 16·4% in kingfishers (family Alcedinidae,n = 73), 8·2% in ducks (family Anatidae,n = 564), and 3·65% in chickens (family Phasianidae,n = 1042). Public health authorities should educate human cohorts that have high exposure to these bird populations about AIV and assess their adherence to biosecurity practices, including Cameroonian farmers who raise small backyard flocks.

scholarly journals Serological Studies of Infectious Bronchitis Vaccines against Japanese Field Isolates of Homologous and Heterologous Genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohko SHIMAZAKI ◽  
Makiko HARADA ◽  
Takashi HORIUCHI ◽  
Keiko YOSHIDA ◽  
Chieko TANIMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Serological Studies

scholarly journals Comparison of tracheal and choanal cleft swabs and poultry dust samples for detection of Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus genome in vaccinated meat chicken flocks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0247729
Author(s):  
Awol M. Assen ◽  
Stephen W. Walkden-Brown ◽  
Mark Stillman ◽  
Sheridan Alfirevich ◽  
Priscilla F. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Poultry Dust

This study assessed different methods (tracheal and choanal cleft swabs from individual birds, and poultry dust as a population level measure) to evaluate the shedding kinetics of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genome in meat chicken flocks after spray vaccination at hatchery. Dust samples and tracheal and choanal cleft swabs were collected from four meat chicken flocks at 10, 14, 21 and 31 days post vaccination (dpv) and tested for IBV and NDV genome copies (GC) by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. IBV and NDV GC were detected in all sample types throughout the study period. Detection rates for choanal cleft and tracheal swabs were comparable, with moderate and fair agreement between sample types for IBV (McNemar’s = 0.27, kappa = 0.44) and NDV (McNemar’s = 0.09; kappa = 0.31) GC respectively. There was no significant association for IBV GC in swabs and dust samples (R2 = 0.15, P = 0.13) but NDV detection rates and viral load in swabs were strongly associated with NDV GC in dust samples (R2 = 0.86 and R2 = 0.90, P<0.001). There was no difference in IBV and NDV GC in dust samples collected from different locations within a poultry house. In conclusion, dust samples collected from any location within poultry house show promise for monitoring IBV and NDV GC in meat chickens at a population level and choanal cleft swabs can be used for detection of IBV and NDV GC instead of tracheal swabs in individual birds.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis-like viruses in wild bird populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz ◽  
Anna Jacukowicz ◽  
Anna Lisowska ◽  
Krzysztof Wyrostek ◽  
Zenon Minta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Bird Populations

Host-parasite associations and host-specificity in haemoparasites of reed bed passerines

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA VENTIM ◽  
JOANA MORAIS ◽  
SARA PARDAL ◽  
LUÍSA MENDES ◽  
JAIME A. RAMOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Local Transmission

SUMMARYThe host specificity and host sharing of avian haemoparasites (genera Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) is still poorly known, although they infect a large proportion of several studied bird populations. This study used molecular techniques to detect haemoparasites in marsh warblers and in other passerines that feed in reed beds, at 4 sites in Portugal. The host-specificity of the parasite lineages was analysed and compared with other cases described in the literature to assess whether apparent host specificity changes according to the studied system. Nine lineages of Haemoproteus and 15 of Plasmodium were found, of which only 10 Plasmodium were proven to have local transmission. Each lineage was confined to a distinct set of host species. The distribution of parasites in the host species was non-nested, meaning that specialist lineages did not always share hosts with generalists. The most prevalent lineages were those with a wider host range, indicating that the ability to infect more hosts will enhance a parasite's prevalence in its entire host range. We also found that in our areas, a specialist parasite (H. MW1) appears to have a more generalist character than described in the literature, suggesting that a parasite's apparent specialization can depend on the type of host species sampled.

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