scholarly journals Analysis of Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) Induced by Passages of Equine Influenza Virus H3N8 in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rozek ◽  
Malgorzata Kwasnik ◽  
Wojciech Socha ◽  
Pawel Sztromwasser ◽  
Jerzy Rola

Vaccination is an effective method for the prevention of influenza virus infection. Many manufacturers use embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) for the propagation of vaccine strains. However, the adaptation of viral strains during subsequent passages can lead to additional virus evolution and lower effectiveness of the resulting vaccines. In our study, we analyzed the distribution of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of equine influenza virus (EIV) during passaging in ECE. Viral RNA from passage 0 (nasal swabs), passage 2 and 5 was sequenced using next generation technology. In total, 50 SNVs with an occurrence frequency above 2% were observed, 29 of which resulted in amino acid changes. The highest variability was found in passage 2, with the most variable segment being IV encoding hemagglutinin (HA). Three variants, HA (W222G), PB2 (A377E) and PA (R531K), had clearly increased frequency with the subsequent passages, becoming dominant. None of the five nonsynonymous HA variants directly affected the major antigenic sites; however, S227P was previously reported to influence the antigenicity of EIV. Our results suggest that although host-specific adaptation was observed in low passages of EIV in ECE, it should not pose a significant risk to influenza vaccine efficacy.

2013 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yin ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Ting Qi ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-798
Author(s):  
P.F. FAVARO ◽  
D. REISCHAK ◽  
P.E. BRANDAO ◽  
E.M.C. VILLALOBOS ◽  
E.M.S. CUNHA ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 3974-3983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Saenz ◽  
Michelle Quinlivan ◽  
Debra Elton ◽  
Shona MacRae ◽  
Anthony S. Blunden ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT A key question in pandemic influenza is the relative roles of innate immunity and target cell depletion in limiting primary infection and modulating pathology. Here, we model these interactions using detailed data from equine influenza virus infection, combining viral and immune (type I interferon) kinetics with estimates of cell depletion. The resulting dynamics indicate a powerful role for innate immunity in controlling the rapid peak in virus shedding. As a corollary, cells are much less depleted than suggested by a model of human influenza based only on virus-shedding data. We then explore how differences in the influence of viral proteins on interferon kinetics can account for the observed spectrum of virus shedding, immune response, and influenza pathology. In particular, induction of high levels of interferon (“cytokine storms”), coupled with evasion of its effects, could lead to severe pathology, as hypothesized for some fatal cases of influenza.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e85616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyamdavaa Khurelbaatar ◽  
Whitney S. Krueger ◽  
Gary L. Heil ◽  
Badarchiin Darmaa ◽  
Daramragchaa Ulziimaa ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hultén ◽  
B. Sandgren ◽  
E. Skiöldebrand ◽  
B. Klingeborn ◽  
G. Marhaug ◽  
...  

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