scholarly journals Evaluation of A Baculovirus-Expressed VP2 Subunit Vaccine for the Protection of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Sun Young Sunwoo ◽  
Leela E. Noronha ◽  
Igor Morozov ◽  
Jessie D. Trujillo ◽  
In Joong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Homologous Virus

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an arthropod-transmitted RNA virus and the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in wild and domestic ruminants. In North America, white-tailed deer (WTD) experience the highest EHD-related morbidity and mortality, although clinical disease is reported in cattle during severe epizootics. No commercially licensed EHDV vaccine is available in North America. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a subunit vaccine candidate to control EHD in WTD. Recombinant VP2 (rVP2) outer capsid proteins of EHDV serotypes 2 (EHDV-2) and 6 (EHDV-6) were produced in a baculovirus-expression system. Mice and cattle vaccinated with EHDV-2 or EHDV-6 rVP2 produced homologous virus-neutralizing antibodies. In an immunogenicity/efficacy study, captive-bred WTD received 2 doses of EHDV-2 rVP2 or sham vaccine, then were challenged with wild-type EHDV-2 at 30 d post vaccination. None of the rVP2-vaccinated deer developed clinical disease, no viral RNA was detected in their blood or tissues (liver, lung, spleen, kidney), and no EHDV-induced lesions were observed. Sham-vaccinated deer developed clinical disease with viremia and typical EHD vascular lesions. Here, we demonstrate a rVP2 subunit vaccine that can provide protective immunity from EHDV infection and which may serve as an effective tool in preventing clinical EHD and reducing virus transmission.

Transmission and Epidemiology of Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in North America: Current Perspectives, Research Gaps, and Future Directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 348-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Ruder ◽  
Timothy J. Lysyk ◽  
David E. Stallknecht ◽  
Lane D. Foil ◽  
Donna J. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

Molecular evolution of epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in North America based on historical isolates using motif fingerprints

Virus Genes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Wilson ◽  
M. G. Ruder ◽  
D. Jasperson ◽  
T. P. L. Smith ◽  
P. Naraghi-Arani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
North America ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

scholarly journals A VIRUS-INDUCED EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE VIRGINIA WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS)

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope ◽  
Lester G. MacNamara ◽  
Robert Mangold
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equine Arteritis Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Natural Outbreak

A circumscribed natural outbreak of a highly fatal disease of deer, which we have designated epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD), has been studied. The disease has proven readily transmissible in deer but not in other experimental or domestic animals tested, nor in embryonating eggs or deer kidney cell cultures. The causative agent is a virus which is readily filterable and is capable of storage, either frozen or in glycerol, for relatively long periods of time. It produces a solid immunity in the few animals that survive and the blood sera of such convalescent animals contain virus-neutralizing antibodies. The disease is one in which large and small hemorrhages occur in both the viscera and skeletal structures of the body, as well as in the subcutaneous tissues. It is probably the same as one known popularly in the southeastern United States as "black tongue" of deer. It is unrelated to epidemic hemorrhagic fever of man or to the disease caused in horses by the equine arteritis virus. At least two serologically different types of EHD virus exist. The New Jersey strain is of greater lethality for experimental deer than the serologically different one obtained from an outbreak that occurred in South Dakota a year after the New Jersey epizootic.

The association of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus with the cytoskeleton

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
R.A. Nunamaker ◽  
J.G. Wigington ◽  
C.E. Nunamaker
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Transmission Electron

The cells of eukaryotes are characterized by a filamentous network referred to as the cytoskeleton. It is believed that most animal viruses use the cytoplasmic or nuclear skeletal matrix during at least part of their replication cycle.Transmission electron microscopic studies of thin sections of cells infected with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), a double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Reoviridae family, have demonstrated the presence of virus-like particles, virus-specific fibrils and tubules, and viral inclusion bodies. Studies of bluetongue virus (a closely related orbivirus) by Eaton et al. and Hyatt et al. confirmed that these virus-specific structures bind to the cytoskeleton of infected cells, and facilitated study of their viral protein content using monoclonal antibodies in immunogold labeling procedures, This study describes cytoskeletal involvement in the replication of EHDV.The grid-cell-culture technique, preparation of cytoskeletons, and immunolabeling procedure were those described by Hyatt et al. Grids were dehydrated in a graded alcohol series, critical point dried in amyl acetate and CO2, coated with carbon and examined with a Philips LS 410 transmission electron microscope operating at 60 kv.

scholarly journals Selection of a Rare Neutralization-Resistant Variant following Passive Transfer of Convalescent Immune Plasma in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus-Challenged SCID Horses

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (13) ◽  
pp. 6536-6548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra D. Taylor ◽  
Steven R. Leib ◽  
Susan Carpenter ◽  
Robert H. Mealey
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Febrile Episode ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Resistant Variant ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus

ABSTRACT Vaccines preventing HIV-1 infection will likely elicit antibodies that neutralize diverse strains. However, the capacity for lentiviruses to escape broadly neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is not completely understood, nor is it known whether NAbs alone can control heterologous infection. Here, we determined that convalescent immune plasma from a horse persistently infected with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) neutralized homologous virus and several envelope variants containing heterologous principal neutralizing domains (PND). Plasma was infused into young horses (foals) affected with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), followed by challenge with a homologous EIAV stock. Treated SCID foals were protected against clinical disease, with complete prevention of infection occurring in one foal. In three SCID foals, a novel neutralization-resistant variant arose that was found to preexist at a low frequency in the challenge inoculum. In contrast, SCID foals infused with nonimmune plasma developed acute disease associated with high levels of the predominant challenge virus. Following transfer to an immunocompetent horse, the neutralization-resistant variant induced a single febrile episode and was subsequently controlled in the absence of type-specific NAb. Long-term control was associated with the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Our results demonstrate that immune plasma with neutralizing activity against heterologous PND variants can prevent lentivirus infection and clinical disease in the complete absence of T cells. Importantly, however, rare neutralization-resistant envelope variants can replicate in vivo under relatively broad selection pressure, highlighting the need for protective lentivirus vaccines to elicit NAb responses with increased breadth and potency and/or CTL that target conserved epitopes.

scholarly journals THE ATTENUATION OF THE VIRUS OF EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF DEER BY ITS SERIAL PASSAGE IN THE BRAINS OF NEWBORN MICE

1963 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope ◽  
Lester G. MacNamara ◽  
Norma E. Mettler
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Attenuated Virus

Serial passage through the brains of newborn mice markedly attenuates the New Jersey strain of EHD virus. Deer inoculated with this attenuated virus show no clinical evidence of illness, but do develop virus-neutralizing antibodies in their sera. They also become solidly immune to infection with the regularly fatal unattenuated virus.

Clinical disease associated with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in cattle in Illinois

2015 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Garrett ◽  
Eleonora Po ◽  
Elena R. Bichi ◽  
Suzette K. Hexum ◽  
Robert Melcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

scholarly journals Production of a Recombinant Major Inner Capsid Protein for Serological Detection of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhong Luo ◽  
Marta I. Sabara
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Fusion Construct ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Histidine Tag

ABSTRACT Constructs of the major core protein, designated VP7, from epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) type 1 were made by amino- or carboxyl-terminal fusion of a six-histidine residue tag to the VP7-1 gene. The resulting fusion proteins were produced in a baculovirus expression system and purified by a rapid, one-step procedure using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid technology. A high level of VP7-1 protein expression was detected with the N-terminal six-histidine tag fusion construct and was comparable to the level of expression observed with an untagged VP7-1 Bam construct. In contrast, the inclusion of a six-histidine tag at the C terminus adversely affected protein expression. The antigenicity of the N-terminal six-histidine tag EHDV VP7-1 product was identical to that observed with the native virus antigen and untagged EHDV VP7-1 recombinant protein, as determined by reactivity with EHDV specific antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. The high production and purity levels that can be attained for the N-terminal six-histidine tag VP7-1 protein and its reactivity with EHDV-specific sera in a competitive ELISA make it a suitable assay reagent.

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