scholarly journals THE ATTENUATION OF THE VIRUS OF EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF DEER BY ITS SERIAL PASSAGE IN THE BRAINS OF NEWBORN MICE

1963 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope ◽  
Lester G. MacNamara ◽  
Norma E. Mettler
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Attenuated Virus

Serial passage through the brains of newborn mice markedly attenuates the New Jersey strain of EHD virus. Deer inoculated with this attenuated virus show no clinical evidence of illness, but do develop virus-neutralizing antibodies in their sera. They also become solidly immune to infection with the regularly fatal unattenuated virus.

scholarly journals A VIRUS-INDUCED EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE VIRGINIA WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS)

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope ◽  
Lester G. MacNamara ◽  
Robert Mangold
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equine Arteritis Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Natural Outbreak

A circumscribed natural outbreak of a highly fatal disease of deer, which we have designated epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD), has been studied. The disease has proven readily transmissible in deer but not in other experimental or domestic animals tested, nor in embryonating eggs or deer kidney cell cultures. The causative agent is a virus which is readily filterable and is capable of storage, either frozen or in glycerol, for relatively long periods of time. It produces a solid immunity in the few animals that survive and the blood sera of such convalescent animals contain virus-neutralizing antibodies. The disease is one in which large and small hemorrhages occur in both the viscera and skeletal structures of the body, as well as in the subcutaneous tissues. It is probably the same as one known popularly in the southeastern United States as "black tongue" of deer. It is unrelated to epidemic hemorrhagic fever of man or to the disease caused in horses by the equine arteritis virus. At least two serologically different types of EHD virus exist. The New Jersey strain is of greater lethality for experimental deer than the serologically different one obtained from an outbreak that occurred in South Dakota a year after the New Jersey epizootic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of A Baculovirus-Expressed VP2 Subunit Vaccine for the Protection of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Sun Young Sunwoo ◽  
Leela E. Noronha ◽  
Igor Morozov ◽  
Jessie D. Trujillo ◽  
In Joong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Homologous Virus

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an arthropod-transmitted RNA virus and the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in wild and domestic ruminants. In North America, white-tailed deer (WTD) experience the highest EHD-related morbidity and mortality, although clinical disease is reported in cattle during severe epizootics. No commercially licensed EHDV vaccine is available in North America. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a subunit vaccine candidate to control EHD in WTD. Recombinant VP2 (rVP2) outer capsid proteins of EHDV serotypes 2 (EHDV-2) and 6 (EHDV-6) were produced in a baculovirus-expression system. Mice and cattle vaccinated with EHDV-2 or EHDV-6 rVP2 produced homologous virus-neutralizing antibodies. In an immunogenicity/efficacy study, captive-bred WTD received 2 doses of EHDV-2 rVP2 or sham vaccine, then were challenged with wild-type EHDV-2 at 30 d post vaccination. None of the rVP2-vaccinated deer developed clinical disease, no viral RNA was detected in their blood or tissues (liver, lung, spleen, kidney), and no EHDV-induced lesions were observed. Sham-vaccinated deer developed clinical disease with viremia and typical EHD vascular lesions. Here, we demonstrate a rVP2 subunit vaccine that can provide protective immunity from EHDV infection and which may serve as an effective tool in preventing clinical EHD and reducing virus transmission.

scholarly journals THE PROPAGATION OF THE VIRUS OF EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF DEER IN NEWBORN MICE AND HELA CELLS

1962 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma E. Mettler ◽  
Lester G. MacNamara ◽  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Hela Cell ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Lower Titer ◽  
Hela Cell Culture ◽  
Limited Sensitivity

The New Jersey strain of EHD virus has been propagated in newborn Swiss mice by the intracerebral route and is regularly lethal beyond the first serial mouse passage. A complement-fixing antigen prepared from the brains of infected mice reacts positively with the sera of deer recovered from infection with either the New Jersey or South Dakota strain of virus, but not with the serum of normal deer. The mouse-passaged virus induced an inapparent infection in an experimental deer. The virus can also be grown serially in HeLa cell culture and induces a characteristic cytopathic effect. It is neutralizable in such cultures to high titer by the sera of deer recovered from EHD (New Jersey strain) and to lower titer by the serum of a deer recovered from EHD (South Dakota strain). Normal deer serum does not neutralize the virus in tissue culture. The HeLa cell-passaged virus induced typical lethal EHD in an experimental deer and virus could be recovered from most of the tissues of this animal in HeLa cell culture. An unexplained prozone of inhibition of cytopathogenicity at low dilutions was observed in cultures of some of the organs. The fact that EHD virus exhibited a limited sensitivity to sodium desoxycholate suggests that it may belong in the arbor virus group.

Hemagglutination of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus

1981 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tokuhisa ◽  
Y. Inaba ◽  
Y. Miura ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
H. Akashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

scholarly journals Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibody to Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease of Deer Virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Mecham ◽  
Michael M. Jochim
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
The Us ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Infected Cells

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus (EHDV). The assay incorporates a monoclonal antibody to EHDV serotype 2 (EHDV-2) that demonstrates specificity for the viral structural protein, VP7. The assay was evaluated with sequential sera collected from cattle experimentally infected with EHDV serotype 1 (EHDV-1) and EHDV-2, as well as the four serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV), BTV-10, BTV-11, BTV-13, and BTV-17, that currently circulate in the US. A competitive and a blocking format as well as the use of antigen produced from both EHDV-1-and EHDV-2-infected cells were evaluated. The assay was able to detect specific antibody as early as 7 days after infection and could differentiate animals experimentally infected with EHDV from those experimentally infected with BTV. The diagnostic potential of this assay was demonstrated with field-collected serum samples from cattle, deer, and buffalo.

scholarly journals INNATE RESISTANCE TO EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE IN WHITE-TAILED DEER

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph K. Gaydos ◽  
William R. Davidson ◽  
François Elvinger ◽  
Daniel G. Mead ◽  
Elizabeth W. Howerth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Innate Resistance ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease
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