Performance Evaluation of a Two-Parameters Monthly Rainfall-Runoff Model in the Southern Basin of Thailand

Accurate monthly runoff estimation is crucial in water resources management, planning, and development, preventing and reducing water-related problems, such as flooding and droughts. This article evaluates the monthly hydrological rainfall-runoff model’s performance, the GR2M model, in Thailand’s southern basins. The GR2M model requires only two parameters: production store (X1) and groundwater exchange rate (X2). Moreover, no prior research has been reported on its application in this region. The 37 runoff stations, which are located in three sub-watersheds of Thailand’s southern region, namely; Thale Sap Songkhla, Peninsular-East Coast, and Peninsular-West Coast, were selected as study cases. The available monthly hydrological data of runoff, rainfall, air temperature from the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) and the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) were collected and analyzed. The Thornthwaite method was utilized for the determination of evapotranspiration. The model’s performance was conducted using three statistical indices: Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Correlation Coefficient (r), and Overall Index (OI). The model’s calibration results for 37 runoff stations gave the average NSE, r, and OI of 0.657, 0.825, and 0.757, respectively. Moreover, the NSE, r, and OI values for the model’s verification were 0.472, 0.750, and 0.639, respectively. Hence, the GR2M model was qualified and reliable to apply for determining monthly runoff variation in this region. The spatial distribution of production store (X1) and groundwater exchange rate (X2) values was conducted using the IDW method. It was susceptible to the X1, and X2 values of approximately more than 0.90, gave the higher model’s performance.

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Performance Evaluation of a Two-Parameters Monthly Rainfall-Runoff Model in The Southern Basin of Thailand

10.20944/preprints202101.0605.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pakorn Ditthakit ◽

Sirimon Pinthong ◽

Nureehan Salaeh ◽

Fadilah Binnui ◽

Laksanara Khwanchum

Keyword(s):

East Coast ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Management Planning ◽

Resources Management ◽

Runoff Variation ◽

Monthly Runoff ◽

Rainfall Runoff Model ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Runoff Model

Accurate monthly runoff estimation is fundamental in water resources management, planning, and development, resulting in preventing and reducing water-related problems, such as flooding and drought. This article evaluates the performance of the monthly hydrological rainfall-runoff model, GR2M model, in Thailand's southern basins. The GR2M model requires only two parameters, and no prior research has been reported on its application in this region. The 37 runoff stations, which are distributively located in three sub-watersheds of Thailand's southern region, namely; Thale Sap Songkhla, Peninsular-East Coast, and Peninsular-West Coast, were selected as study cases. The available monthly hydrological data of runoff, rainfall, air temperature from the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) and the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) were collected and analyzed. Thornthwaite method was utilized for the determination of evapotranspiration. The model's performance was conducted using three statistical indices: Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Correlation Coefficient (r), and Overall Index (OPI). The model's calibration results for 37 runoff stations gave the average of NSE, r, and OPI of 0.637, 0.825, and 0.757, and those values for verification of 0.465, 0.750, and 0.639, respectively. It indicated a model's acceptable performance and could apply the GR2M model for determining monthly runoff variation in this region. The spatial distribution of X1 and X2 values was conducted by using IDW method. It was susceptible to the X1 value and X2 value of approximately more than 0.90 gave the higher model's performance.

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Climatic control on river discharge simulations, Mittivakkat Glacier catchment, Ammassalik Island, SE Greenland*

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2006.018 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (4-5) ◽

pp. 327-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S.H. Mernild ◽

B. Hasholt

Keyword(s):

Time Lapse ◽

Annual Runoff ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Scenario Period ◽

Climatic Control ◽

Daily Difference ◽

Monthly Runoff ◽

Rainfall Runoff Model ◽

Runoff Model ◽

Annual Discharge

A lumped conceptual Rainfall–Runoff Model (the NAM model) was applied to quantify simulated intra- and inter-annual discharge from the Mittivakkat glacier catchment (18.4 km2, 78% glacier cover), Ammassalik Island, SE Greenland. Discharge simulations were performed for three periods: 1999–2004 (calibration period), 1993–1995 and 1998/1999 (validation period), and 2071–2100 (scenario period). In periods when observed winter discharges were lacking, visual observations from daily photographic time lapse were used for calibration. The timing and magnitude of simulated discharge were in general in good accordance with observed discharge (R2=0.77). However, discrepancies between simulated and observed discharge occur (maximum daily difference up to 3.4 m3 s−1, up to 11% difference between observed and simulated cumulative discharge, and model predicted river break-up 1–3 d before it actually occurs). For the period 2071–2100 future IPCC A2 and IPCC B2 climate scenarios were used as input for NAM based on HIRHAM RCM and HadCM3 AOGCM model simulations. The IPCC scenarios indicated mean maximum monthly runoff higher than 900 mm w.eq., and mean annual runoff around 3200 mm w.eq. yr−1, approximately one and a half times higher than the runoff in 1993–2004 of approximately 2000 mm w.eq. yr−1. The increasing runoff indicated an approximately three times higher negative glacier net mass balance ranging from about −750 mm w.eq. yr−1 (1961–1990) to approximately −2000 mm w.eq. yr−1 (2071–2100).

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Study on Runoff Variation by Spatial Resolution of Input GIS Data by using Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association ◽

10.3741/jkwra.2014.47.9.767 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 767-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chung Gil Jung ◽

Jang Won Moon ◽

Dong Ryul Lee

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Runoff Variation ◽

Gis Data ◽

Rainfall Runoff Model ◽

Runoff Model

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Parameters determination of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for a small catchment in Carpathians

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Land Reclamation ◽

10.2478/v10060-011-0071-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beata Karabová ◽

Anna E. Sikorska ◽

Kazimierz Banasik ◽

Silvia Kohnová

Keyword(s):

Lag Time ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Small Catchment ◽

Rainfall Characteristics ◽

Effective Precipitation ◽

Rainfall Duration ◽

Rainfall Runoff Model ◽

S Model ◽

Runoff Model

Abstract Parameters determination of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for a small catchment in Carpathians. One of the most important tasks in hydrology is to simulate and forecast hydrologic processes and variables. To achieve this, various linear and nonlinear hydrologic models were developed. One of the most commonly applied rainfall-runoff models is the Nash’s model of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) (Nash, 1957) used jointly with the CN-NRCS method. Within this paper, the Nash’s model was applied to a small forested basin (Vištucký Creek, Slovakia) to reconstruct rainfall-runoff events based on the recorded precipitation. The Vištucký Creek catchment, located in the Little Carpathians, is a part of the flood protection management of regional sites in the Little Carpathians. Therefore, the object of this paper is, first, to determine the parameters of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for the Vištucký creek catchment, second, to analyse how the selected characteristics of the model depend on the rainfall characteristics, and third, to compare obtained results with a similar study of Sikorska and Banasik (2010). The computer programme developed at the Dept. of Water Engineering (WULS-SGGW) was used to obtain the rainfall-runoff characteristics based on the Nash´s model. The derived characteristics were parameters of the Nash’s model (N, k, lag time) and rainfall-runoff characteristics (sum of total and effective precipitation, rainfall duration, runoff coefficient, time to IUH peak, value of IUH peak, goodness of fit). A relatively small effective precipitation from the rainfall events was derived. For the purpose of the analysis, a correlation between the lag time (and k parameter) and the sum of the total and effective precipitation was used. The use of the conceptual rainfall-runoff model (Nash´s model) for the small catchment in Carpathians was proved to give satisfactory results. The rainfall characteristics derived in this study are comparable to the results obtained by Spál et. al (2011), who used the same catchment in their analysis. Interestingly, our analysis indicated that there is a correlation between the rainfall duration and the lag time, what is opposite to the compared results of Sikorska and Banasik (2010).

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Determination of evaporation from a catchment water balance at a monthly time scale

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-1-93-1997 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 93-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

H. H. G. Savenije

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Time Scale ◽

Climate Models ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Soil Moisture Storage ◽

Moisture Storage ◽

Rainfall Runoff Model ◽

Runoff Model ◽

Term Storage

Abstract. A method is presented to determine total evaporation from the earth's surface at a spatial scale that is adequate for linkage with climate models. The method is based on the water balance of catchments, combined with a calibrated autoregressive rainfall-runoff model. The time scale used is in the order of decades (10 days) to months. The rainfall-runoff model makes a distinction between immediate processes (interception and short term storage) and the remaining longer-term processes. Besides the calibrated rainfall-runoff model and the time series of observed rainfall and runoff, the method requires a relation between transpiration and soil moisture storage. The method is applied to data of the Bani catchment in Mali, a sub-catchment of the Niger river basin.

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