scholarly journals Snake’s-head Fritillary Fritillaria meleagris (Liliaceae) in Britain: its distribution, habitats and status

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Historical Accounts

Snake’s-head Fritillary Fritillaria meleagris L. is a scarce plant of unimproved meadows where it was formerly considered to be a native British species. A review of 593 British sites showed that 80% of British populations were located in other habitats where it had been planted or had established from introductions nearby. Of the 118 populations located in unimproved meadows 53 occurred in floodplain grassland in central and southeast England where it has long been considered to be native. However, recent evidence suggests that it is more likely to be a modern introduction (neophyte). It seems inconceivable that such an attractive plant would have been overlooked in the wild by herbalists in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Furthermore, the rapid growth of introduced populations in meadows in Sweden and England has shown that Fritillary populations in Britain could have reached their present size in the 300 years since they were first recorded in the wild. Historical accounts prove that it was being grown for ornament in large gardens in the sixteenth century, from where it presumably escaped along rivers to colonise meadows downstream. Regardless of its status, however, it remains a much-loved and valued component of the British flora and a flagship species for the conservation of floodplain grasslands.

Islamic Monuments as Christian Trophies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Urquízar-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Chronicles ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Rodrigo Jimenez De Rada ◽  
The Way

Chapter 3 approaches the notion of trophy through historical accounts of the Christianization of the Córdoba and Seville Islamic temples in the thirteenth-century and the late-fifteenth-century conquest of Granada. The first two examples on Córdoba and Seville are relevant to explore the way in which medieval chronicles (mainly Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada and his entourage) turned the narrative of the Christianization of mosques into one of the central topics of the restoration myth. The sixteenth-century narratives about the taking of the Alhambra in Granada explain the continuity of this triumphal reading within the humanist model of chorography and urban eulogy (Lucius Marineus Siculus, Luis de Mármol Carvajal, and Francisco Bermúdez de Pedraza).

scholarly journals XI. Investigations, founded on the theory of motion, for determining the times of vibration of watch balances

1794 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 119-168
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Theory Of Motion ◽  
Vibratory Motion ◽  
The Times ◽  
Historical Accounts

Instruments for measuring time by vibratory motion were invented early in the sixteenth century: the single pendulum had been known to afford a very exact measure of time long before this period; yet it appears from the testimony of historical accounts, as well as other evidences, that the balance was universally adopted in the construction of the first clocks and watches; nor was it till the year 1657 that Mr. Huygens united pendulums with clock-work. The first essays of an invention, formed on principles at once new and complicated, we may suppose were imperfectly executed. In the watches of the early constructions, some of which are still preserved, the balance vibrated merely by the impulses of the wheels, without other control or regulation: the motion communicated to the balance by one impulse continued till it was destroyed, partly by friction, and partly by a succeeding impulse in the opposite direction; the vibrations must of course have been very unsteady and irregular.

An English Friar Minim in France

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-291
Author(s):  
David Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
New World ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Men And Women

The Order of Friars Minim was founded by St Francis of Paula, whose birth took place in Calabria in 1416. The new friars received Papal approval in 1474. By the date of their founder’s death in 1507 they were organised in five provinces extending over Italy, France, Spain and Germany and were already setting out for the mission fields of the New World. But despite an extraordinarily rapid growth in the early sixteenth century, not a single one among more than 350 houses of the Order was to be found in England or Wales by the time that King Henry VIII began the spoliation of the monasteries. It was therefore only after Catholic men and women were forced to go abroad if they wished to give their lives to God in the cloister, that (as far as we know) the order received its first English subjects.

A Chinese Whore Making Good Business on Gold Mountain: Using Historical Research to Create Historical Fiction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Historical Fiction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
School Year ◽  
Antebellum Period ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
Historical Accounts

For the 2011 – 2012 school year, I engaged in a year-long research project on Chinese sex workers in the “Wild West” during the Antebellum period. Typically brought to the United States under false pretences by members of Chinese tongs, Chinese sex workers were kept in homes and brothels starting from a very young age. Missionary groups attempted to "free” Chinese sex workers from these brothels, educate them and raise awareness of their plight. Historical accounts of these activities come exclusively from the perspective of the missionaries themselves, rather than the perspective of Chinese sex workers, which results in a biased account of Chinese sex workers as helpless girls. However, the research that I did indicates that there may have been examples of agency amongst Chinese sex workers.  In order to share my research on agency amongst Chinese sex workers during the Antebellum period, I opted to write a historical fiction (a short story which was eventually published in the Queen’s Undergraduate Review). It is the process of translating historical research into historical fiction which I will focus on presenting. I rewrote the story and plot a number of times in order to maintain a balance of historical fact and creative license, and I struggled with the ethics of portraying historical characters and events for creative purposes. I learned what’s valuable for writing a successful historical fiction: exhaustive research, the understanding that realism is more impactful than sensationalism, and constant awareness of personal agenda or bias.

“The Temple of the Incredulous”: Ottoman Sultanic Mosques and the Principle of Legality

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-207
Author(s):  
Samet Budak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Principle Of Legality ◽  
The Temple ◽  
As If

Abstract This article traces the history of an Ottoman legal custom related to the construction of sultanic (imperial) mosques. According to conventional narratives, the victory over non-Muslims was the essential requisite for constructing a sultanic mosque. Only after having emerged victorious should a sultan use the funds resulting from holy war to build his own mosque. This article argues that this custom emerged only after the late sixteenth century in tandem with rising complaints about the Ottoman decline and with the ḳānūn-consciousness of the Ottoman elite, although historical accounts present it as if it existed from the beginning of Ottoman rule. It rapidly gained importance, so much so that the Sultan Ahmed Mosque was dubbed “the unbeliever’s mosque” by contemporary ulema. After having examined details of the custom’s canonization, the article deals with how it left its imprint in construction activities (struggles and workarounds), historical sources, literature, and cultural memory, up to the nineteenth century.

Roman Colonies and the Distribution of Land before Sigonio

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-47
Author(s):  
William Stenhouse
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Niccolo Machiavelli ◽  
Niccolò Machiavelli ◽  
Carlo Sigonio ◽  
Humanist Tradition ◽  
Colonial Policies ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Made In

This chapter examines the work of Renaissance historians of Roman colonization before Carlo Sigonio, from Andrea Fiocchi to Niccolò Machiavelli and Onofrio Panvinio. It shows that these earlier scholars, by thinking about Roman colonialism against the backdrop of Hapsburg power in Europe and in the New World, explored the idea of an empire that could be understood not just in terms of power but also in terms of territory, geographical control, and the practical administration of conquered land. Analysing the gradual rediscovery of the ancient Roman empire and its institutions in the fifteenth and the first half of the sixteenth century, this chapter assesses the most significant advances that Sigonio made in respect to this humanist tradition. Sigonio added a crucial piece of evidence to the discourse on Roman colonial policies and linked historical discussions of agrarian laws and policy to historical accounts of the establishment of colonies.

“A New and Apostolic Band of Virgins Arose”

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve Brigid Callan
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Women's Communities

Darerca’s Lives demonstrate the diversity of early medieval religious Irishwomen’s experiences. The religious life was open to women of various social classes and to wives and mothers as well as virgins and widows. Women could be both students and teachers, studying with women and men, travelling throughout Ireland to pursue the religious life as they deemed fit, or living as solitaries in the wild. Her Lives make manifest the harmony of women’s communities and the bonds between women’s monasteries and between women and men, as well as some discord. The threat her community presented to multiple males testifies to the power and wealth women’s communities could attain, yet her actions show how little she cared for worldly gain. Darerca prioritized women’s access to the religious life, regardless of background. Killevy’s continued existence from the fifth century through Viking attacks and other catastrophes up until the sixteenth-century Protestant Dissolution demonstrates her success.

scholarly journals Conservation and behavior of Africa’s “Big Five”

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Caro ◽  
Jason Riggio
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
African Species ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract We examine the conservation status of Africa’s “Big Five”: lion, leopard, buffalo, black and white rhinoceros and elephant, and the role of behavioral knowledge in their conservation. Efforts to conserve these flagship species consist of in situ conservation, captive breeding and reintroductions. With a few exceptions, we find limited evidence that knowledge of behavior informs conservation programs targeted at these species. For management in the wild, knowledge of infanticide and ranging can provide guidelines for realistic hunting quotas and corridors between protected areas, respectively. For ex situ and reintroduction programs, behavioral knowledge is chiefly focused on improved animal husbandry. Despite a formidable understanding of these species’ behavior, the practicalities of using such knowledge may be diminished because exploitation of these species is so forceful and the bulk of efforts aimed at conserving these species (and indeed most other African species) are primarily in situ where behaviorally driven interventions are limited. Our comparative findings suggest that behavior has been of rather narrow use in the conservation of these flagship species [Current Zoology 60 (4): 486–499, 2014].

Marian Exiles and the Legitimacy of Flight from Persecution

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Historical Accounts

With particular attention paid to the experience of the Marian exiles, this paper analyses the sixteenth-century Protestant debate about the rectitude of flight from persecution. It suggests that, although this debate must be located in a centuries-old Christian discussion about flight, contemporary understandings of the nature of God's will and providence were equally important. The paper contends that the Marian exiles largely succeeded in justifying their flight to their brethren, and that this success had a significant impact on the subsequent historical accounts of the period.

scholarly journals Age and location influence the costs of compensatory and accelerated growth in a hibernating mammal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Heissenberger ◽  
Gabriela Medeiros de Pinho ◽  
Julien G A Martin ◽  
Daniel T Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Structural Growth ◽  
Accelerated Growth

Abstract The increase of structural growth rates to compensate for a poor initial body condition, defined as compensatory growth, may have physiological costs, but little is known about its effects on individual fitness in the wild. Yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) are obligate hibernators and depend on fat accumulation acquired during an approximately 4-month summer to survive overwinter. We investigated the costs of survival and longevity of rapid growth in a wild population of yellow-bellied marmots. We used trapping data collected from 2002 to 2014 to calculate individual relative seasonal growth and assess its effects on longevity and annual survival of juveniles, yearlings, and adults. Sites were distributed in two main areas, down-valley and up-valley; the latter has a higher elevation and is an overall harsher environment. We found that relative seasonal growth had no effect on individual longevity or on juvenile and adult annual survival. For yearlings, the effect of relative seasonal growth on survival depended on the location: yearlings with high relative seasonal growth had lower survival if located up-valley, and higher survival if located down-valley. In conclusion, juveniles and adults do not appear to have detectable costs of rapid growth, although there are costs to yearling survival depending on environmental conditions. Substantial structural growth occurs when marmots are yearlings and our results are likely driven by the high conflicting demands of somatic growth versus maintenance at this stage. Thus, the costs of rapid growth are age and site dependent and may be seen in the short term for species facing temporal constraints on growth.

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