EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES, BOTANICAL EXTRACTS AND BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BLUE MOLD OF APPLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmed Reki ◽  
Manzoor Ali abro ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Jatoi ◽  
Munwar Ali Gadhi ◽  
Shar Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Botanical Extracts

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES, BOTANICAL EXTRACTS AND BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA THE CAUSAL AGENT OF LEAF SPOT IN SPINACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Aziz Ullah Kakar ◽  
Manzoor Ali Abro ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Jatoi ◽  
Mir Shahbaz Ali Talpur ◽  
Waseem Ali Soomro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Botanical Extracts

Integration of Biocontrol Agents and Food-Grade Additives for Enhancing Protection of Stored Apples from Penicillium expansum

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2100-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LIMA ◽  
A. M. SPINA ◽  
R. CASTORIA ◽  
F. DE CURTIS ◽  
V. DE CICCO
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Forty-nine compounds currently used as additives in foods were tested in combination with three biocontrol agents, the yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis, Cryptococcus laurentii, and the yeastlike fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, to increase their antagonistic activity against Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mold on apples. Twelve additives dramatically improved the antagonistic activity of one or more of the tested biocontrol agents. In a two-way factorial experiment with these selected additives the percentage of P. expansum rots on apples was significantly influenced by the antagonist and the additive as well as by their interaction. The combination of the biocontrol agents and some additives resulted in a significantly higher activity with respect to the single treatments applied separately, producing additive or synergistic effects. Some of the selected additives combined with a low yeast concentration (106 cells per ml) had comparable or higher efficacy than the biocontrol agents applied alone at a 100-fold higher concentration (108 cells per ml). Some organic and inorganic calcium salts, natural gums, and some antioxidants displayed the best results. In general, the effect of each additive was specific to the biocontrol isolate used in the experiments. Possible mechanisms involved in the activity of these beneficial additives and their potential application in effective formulations of postharvest biofungicides are discussed.

Biocontrol of postharvest diseases of apple using Bacillus spp. isolated from stored apples

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Sholberg ◽  
A. Marchi ◽  
J. Bechard
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Ninety-five bacterial isolates were recovered from 38 of 77 apples that had been stored at 1 °C for 6–7 months. The highest number of bacteria were recovered in nutrient, dextrose, and V8 juice broths, respectively. The bacteria were screened as biocontrol agents on cultivar Red Delicious apples primarily for control of blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum. Three bacteria effective against P. expansum were also tested against Botrytis cinerea for control of gray mold. Ten, four, and five isolates significantly reduced blue mold decay when apples were stored at 5, 10, and 20 °C. Two isolates tested against gray mold decay significantly reduced decay at 5 and 10 °C and one isolate was effective at 20 °C. Thirty-six isolates that had been selected for identification by the Biolog Microstation™ System were Gram positive and contained endospores, and 30 of these were positively identified as Bacillus spp. Further testing of 15 isolates that were effective biocontrol agents identified 7 as Bacillus subtilis on the basis of 15 microbiological tests used for determining species within the genus Bacillus.Key words: endophytic, bacteria, biocontrol, postharvest.

scholarly journals Indole-3-Acetic Acid Improves Postharvest Biological Control of Blue Mold Rot of Apple by Cryptococcus laurentii

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yu ◽  
Jishuang Chen ◽  
Huangping Lu ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Cryptococcus laurentii is a well-known postharvest biocontrol yeast; however, it cannot provide satisfactory levels of decay control when used alone. Here, we evaluated the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth regulator, on the biocontrol efficacy of the yeast antagonist C. laurentii against blue mold rot caused by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Results showed that the addition of IAA at 20 μg/ml to suspensions of C. laurentii greatly enhanced inhibition of mold rot in apple wounds compared with that observed with C. laurentii alone. The addition of IAA at 20 μg/ml or lower did not influence the population growth of C. laurentii in wounds, but adverse effects were seen on C. laurentii when the concentration of IAA was increased to 200 μg/ml or above in vitro and in vivo. P. expansum infection in apple wounds was not inhibited when the pathogen was inoculated into the fruit wounds within 2 h after application of IAA; however, infection was reduced when inoculated more than 12 h after IAA application. Treatment of wounds with IAA at 20 μg/ml 24 h before pathogen inoculation resulted in significant inhibition of P. expansum spore germination and host infection. Application of IAA at 20 μg/ml also reduced P. expansum infection when it was applied 48 h before pathogen inoculation in the intact fruit. Thus, IAA could reinforce the biocontrol efficacy of C. laurentii in inhibiting blue mold of apple fruit by induction of the natural resistance of the fruit.

Effects of the combination of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) and Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16 on blue mold of apples caused by Penicillium expansum

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandour H. Abdelhai ◽  
Haroon Elrasheid Tahir ◽  
Qiru Zhang ◽  
Qiya Yang ◽  
Joseph Ahima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Sporidiobolus Pararoseus

scholarly journals Carbon-assimilation Pattern and Fruit-Degrading Enzymes in an Apple Blue Mold, Penicillium expansum

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (Suppl2) ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Soichiro Kimura ◽  
Nobuko Ohno ◽  
Harumi Fukuda ◽  
Hiroharu Takahashi ◽  
Hirofumi Shinoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

scholarly journals Occurrence and Phenotypes of Pyrimethanil Resistance in Penicillium expansum from Apple in Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 924-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Caiazzo ◽  
Y. K. Kim ◽  
C. L. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Low Resistance

Penicillium expansum is the cause of blue mold in stored apple fruit. In 2010–11, 779 isolates of P. expansum were collected from decayed apple fruit from five packinghouses, tested for resistance to the postharvest fungicide pyrimethanil, and phenotyped based on the level of resistance. In 2010, 85 and 7% of the isolates were resistant to pyrimethanil in packinghouse A and B, respectively, where pyrimethanil had been used for four to five consecutive years. In 2011, pyrimethanil or fludioxonil was used in packinghouse A, and 96% of the isolates from the fruit treated with pyrimethanil were resistant but only 4% of the isolates from the fruit treated with fludioxonil were resistant to pyrimethanil, suggesting that fungicide rotation substantially reduced the frequency of pyrimethanil resistance. No pyrimethanil-resistant isolates were detected in 2010 in the three other packinghouses where the fungicide had been used recently on a small scale. However 1.8% of the isolates from one of the three packinghouses in 2011 were resistant to pyrimethanil. A significantly higher percentage of thiabendazole-resistant than thiabendazole-sensitive isolates were resistant to pyrimethanil. Of the pyrimethanil-resistant isolates, 37 to 52, 4 to 5, and 44 to 58% were phenotyped as having low, moderate, and high resistance to pyrimethanil, respectively. Fludioxonil effectively controlled pyrimethanil-resistant phenotypes on apple fruit but pyrimethanil failed to control phenotypes with moderate or high resistance to pyrimethanil and only partially controlled the low-resistance phenotype.

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