Marine environment sensor performance. Specifications, testing and reporting. General requirements

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Performance Specifications

Meteorological Measurement Systems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred V. Brock ◽  
Scott J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
Meteorological Measurement ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Static Sensitivity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Logical Functions ◽  
Source Of Error

This book treats instrumentation used in meteorological surface systems, both on the synoptic scale and the mesoscale, and the instrumentation used in upper air soundings. The text includes material on first- and second-order differential equations as applied to instrument dynamic performance, and required solutions are developed. Sensor physics are emphasized in order to explain how sensors work and to explore the strengths and weaknesses of each design type. The book is organized according to sensor type and function (temperature, humidity, and wind sensors, for example), though several unifying themes are developed for each sensor. Functional diagrams are used to portray sensors as a set of logical functions, and static sensitivity is derived from a sensor's transfer equation, focusing attention on sensor physics and on ways in which particular designs might be improved. Sensor performance specifications are explored, helping to compare various instruments and to tell users what to expect as a reasonable level of performance. Finally, the text examines the critical area of environmental exposure of instruments. In a well-designed, properly installed, and well-maintained meteorological measurement system, exposure problems are usually the largest source of error, making this chapter one of the most useful sections of the book.

scholarly journals Design, inverted vat photopolymerization 3D printing, and initial characterization of a miniature force sensor for localized in vivo tissue measurements

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank S. Kumat ◽  
Panos S. Shiakolas
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Relaxation Data ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Human Forearm ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
Voigt Model ◽  
Viscoelastic Coefficient

Abstract Background Tissue healthiness could be assessed by evaluating its viscoelastic properties through localized contact reaction force measurements to obtain quantitative time history information. To evaluate these properties for hard to reach and confined areas of the human body, miniature force sensors with size constraints and appropriate load capabilities are needed. This research article reports on the design, fabrication, integration, characterization, and in vivo experimentation of a uniaxial miniature force sensor on a human forearm. Methods The strain gauge based sensor components were designed to meet dimensional constraints (diameter ≤3.5mm), safety factor (≥3) and performance specifications (maximum applied load, resolution, sensitivity, and accuracy). The sensing element was fabricated using traditional machining. Inverted vat photopolymerization technology was used to prototype complex components on a Form3 printer; micro-component orientation for fabrication challenges were overcome through experimentation. The sensor performance was characterized using dead weights and a LabVIEW based custom developed data acquisition system. The operational performance was evaluated by in vivo measurements on a human forearm; the relaxation data were used to calculate the Voigt model viscoelastic coefficient. Results The three dimensional (3D) printed components exhibited good dimensional accuracy (maximum deviation of 183μm). The assembled sensor exhibited linear behavior (regression coefficient of R2=0.999) and met desired performance specifications of 3.4 safety factor, 1.2N load capacity, 18mN resolution, and 3.13% accuracy. The in vivo experimentally obtained relaxation data were analyzed using the Voigt model yielding a viscoelastic coefficient τ=12.38sec and a curve-fit regression coefficient of R2=0.992. Conclusions This research presented the successful design, use of 3D printing for component fabrication, integration, characterization, and analysis of initial in vivo collected measurements with excellent performance for a miniature force sensor for the assessment of tissue viscoelastic properties. Through this research certain limitations were identified, however the initial sensor performance was promising and encouraging to continue the work to improve the sensor. This micro-force sensor could be used to obtain tissue quantitative data to assess tissue healthiness for medical care over extended time periods.

scholarly journals Status and developments in EOSTAR, a model to predict IR sensor performance in the marine environment

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Kunz ◽  
Marianne A. C. Degache ◽  
Marcel M. Moerman ◽  
Alexander M. J. van Eijk ◽  
Filip P. Neele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Ir Sensor

Spatial assemblage structure of shallow-water reef fish in Southwest Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
DS Goldsworthy ◽  
BJ Saunders ◽  
JRC Parker ◽  
ES Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Reef Fish Assemblage ◽  
Reef Type ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Southwest Australia

Bioregional categorisation of the Australian marine environment is essential to conserve and manage entire ecosystems, including the biota and associated habitats. It is important that these regions are optimally positioned to effectively plan for the protection of distinct assemblages. Recent climatic variation and changes to the marine environment in Southwest Australia (SWA) have resulted in shifts in species ranges and changes to the composition of marine assemblages. The goal of this study was to determine if the current bioregionalisation of SWA accurately represents the present distribution of shallow-water reef fishes across 2000 km of its subtropical and temperate coastline. Data was collected in 2015 using diver-operated underwater stereo-video surveys from 7 regions between Port Gregory (north of Geraldton) to the east of Esperance. This study indicated that (1) the shallow-water reef fish of SWA formed 4 distinct assemblages along the coast: one Midwestern, one Central and 2 Southern Assemblages; (2) differences between these fish assemblages were primarily driven by sea surface temperature, Ecklonia radiata cover, non-E. radiata (canopy) cover, understorey algae cover, reef type and reef height; and (3) each of the 4 assemblages were characterised by a high number of short-range Australian and Western Australian endemic species. The findings from this study suggest that 4, rather than the existing 3 bioregions would more effectively capture the shallow-water reef fish assemblage patterns, with boundaries having shifted southwards likely associated with ocean warming.

PERAN DESIGNATED PERSON ASHORE (DPA) DALAM PENGOPERASIAN KAPAL YANG AMAN SESUAI KETENTUAN NASIONAL DAN INTERNASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganjar Suganjar ◽  
Renny Hermawati
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Environmental Protection Policy ◽  
Human Injury

<p><em>Safety management in the shipping industry is based on an international regulation. It is International Safety Management Code (ISM-Code) which is a translation of SOLAS ‘74 Chapter IX. It stated that t</em><em>he objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular, to the marine environment, and to property.it is also</em><em> requires commitment from top management to implementation on both company and on board. The implementation of the ISM-Code is expected to make the ship’s safety is more secure. The ISM-Code fulfillment refers to 16 elements, there are; General; Safety and Environmental Protection Policy; Company Responsibility and Authority; Designated Person(s); Master Responsibility and Authority; Resources and Personnel; Shipboard Operation; Emergency Preparedness; Report and Analysis of Non-conformities, Accidents and Hazardous Occurrences; Maintenance of the Ship and Equipment; Documentation; Company Verification, Review, and Evaluation;  Certification and Periodical Verification; Interim Certification; Verification; Forms of Certificate. The responsibility and authority of Designated Person Ashore / DPA in a shipping company is regulated in the ISM-Code. So, it is expected that DPA can carry out its role well, than can minimize the level of accidents in each vessels owned/operated by each shipping company.</em></p><p><em></em><strong><em>Keywords :</em></strong><em> ISM Code,</em><em> </em><em>Safety management, </em><em>Designated Person Ashore</em></p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Manajemen keselamatan di bidang pelayaran saat ini diimplementasikan dalam suatu peraturan internasional yaitu <em>International Safety Management Code</em> (<em>ISM-Code</em>) yang merupakan penjabaran dari <em>SOLAS 74 Chapter IX</em>-<em>Management for the safe operation of ships</em>. Tujuan dari <em>ISM-Code</em> <em>“The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular, to the marine environment, and to property”</em> dan  <em>ISM-Code</em> menghendaki adanya komitmen dari manajemen tingkat puncak sampai pelaksanaan, baik di darat maupun di kapal.  Pemberlakuan <em>ISM-Code</em> tersebut diharapkan akan membuat keselamatan kapal menjadi lebih terjamin. Pemenuhan <em>ISM-Code</em> mengacu kepada 16 elemen yang terdiri dari ; umum; kebijakan keselamatan  dan perlindungan lingkungan; tanggung jawab dan wewenang perusahaan; petugas yang ditunjuk didarat; tanggung jawab dan wewenang nahkoda; sumber daya dan personil; pengopersian kapal; kesiapan menghadapi keadaan darurat; pelaporan dan analisis ketidaksesuaian, kecelakaan dan kejadian berbahaya; pemeliharaan kapal dan perlengkapan;  Dokumentasi; verifikasi, tinjauan ulang, dan evaluasi oleh perusahaan; sertifikasi dan verifikasi berkala; sertifikasi sementara; verifikasi; bentuk sertifikat. Tugas dan tanggungjawab <em>Designated Person Ashore/DPA </em>didalam suatu perusahaan pelayaran<em>, </em>telah diatur di dalam <em>ISM-Code.</em>  Sehingga diharapkan agar DPA dapat melaksanakan peranannya dengan baik, sehingga dapat menekan tingkat kecelakaan di setiap armada kapal yang dimiliki oleh setiap perusahaan pelayaran.</p><p class="Style1"><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : <em>ISM Code</em>, Manajemen keselamatan, <em>Designated Person Ashore</em></p>

Microbial Production of Biosurfactants from the Marine Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sadatfaraji ◽  
A. Bashir Bhatti ◽  
F. Behzadi ◽  
M. Khani ◽  
M. Khani
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Microbial Production
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