An Expert System-Based Automation in Indian Traction System for a One Way Single Platform Station by Introducing PLC

Nowadays, it is very often that some portion of the Indian traction system is still suffering from a single line railway transportation. This in turn creates a havoc disturbance in maintaining the proper sequence of traction control system. Also, passengers are taking risk to catch the train which is already in motion but no such action has been taken to eliminate these consequences. It has been found that more or less various works have been done on Automation in Railway Crossing Gate using Microcontroller and IR Sensor. Thus, it is often decided to develop an idea for the Indian traction system to ensure better controlling action by introducing Limit Switches as Tactile Sensors and by introducing HMI using PLC. The purpose here to take control over various controlling domains, including Railway crossing gate are as follows: Track signal, crossing level signal, alarm notification, and platform edge fence. The proper sequencing needs to be operated via a 128 I/O module with 2 KB memory size small PLC kit.

PENGEMBANGAN TRAINER MIKROKONTROLER BERBASIS ARDUINO NANO PADA MATA PELAJARAN TEKNIK PEMROGRAMAN, MIKROPROSESOR DAN MIKROKONTROLER KELAS XI

This study aims to determine how the process of developing a Microcontroller Trainer as a learning medium and producing a Microcontroller trainer that has been developed is feasible as a learning medium. This research uses research and development methods. The steps for developing the Arduino Nano trainer include: (1) Potential and Problems; (2) Data Collection; (3) Product Design; (4) Design Validation; (5) Design Revision; (6) Product Trial; (7) Product Revision; (8) Trial of Use; (9) Product Revision; (10) Determination of Trainer Eligibility. The object of this research is the Arduino Nano Microcontroller Trainer. The data collection method in this study used a trainer requirements test validation questionnaire and a trainer validation test. The trainer requirement test was conducted on the Expert Practitioners and the trainer validation test was conducted on the Media Expert. Technical analysis of the data used in this study is descriptive qualitative, quantitative and descriptive statistics. The result of this research is the Arduino Nano Microcontroller Trainer which consists of IR sensor input devices, light sensors and output devices such as LEDs, LCD Matrix, Dot Matrix, Seven Segment Displays, Relays, DC Motors and Buzzers. The results of the trainer requirements test by Expert Practitioners are 92.5% (very feasible) and the results of the trainer validation test by Media Experts are 91.25% (very feasible). Based on the total scores of the trainer requirements test results and the results of the media validation test, it was concluded that the Arduino Nano-Based Microcontroller Trainer was very suitable to be used as a learning medium for class XI TAV at SMK N.1 Lubuk Pakam. Keywords: Learning Media Trainer, Arduino Nano, AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pengembangan Trainer Mikrokontroler sebagai media pembelajaran dan Menghasilkan trainer Mikrokontroler yang telah dikembangkan layak sebagai media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan (research and development). Langkah-langkah pengembangan trainer Arduino Nano ini meliputi : (1) Potensi Dan Masalah; (2) Pengumpulan Data; (3) Desain Produk; (4) Validasi Desain; (5) Revisi Desain; (6) Uji Coba Produk; (7) Revisi Produk; (8) Uji Coba Pemakaian; (9) Revisi Produk; (10) Penetapan Kelayakan Trainer. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah Trainer Mikrokontroler Arduino Nano. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket validasi uji persyaratan trainer dan uji validasi Trainer. Uji persyaratan trainer dilakukan terhadap Ahli Praktisi dan uji validasi trainer dilakukan terhadap Ahli Media. Teknis analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, kuantitatif dan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian in adalah Trainer Mikrokontroler Arduino Nano yang terdiri dari piranti input sensor IR, Sensor cahaya dan piranti output seperti LED, LCD Matriks, Dot Matriks, Peragah Seven Segmen, Relay, Motor DC dan Buzzer. Hasil uji persyaratan trainer oleh Ahli Praktisi sebesar 92,5% (sangat layak) dan hasil uji validasi trainer oleh Ahli Media sebesar 91,25% (sangat layak). Berdasarkan jumlah skor hasil uji persyaratan trainer dan hasil uji validasi media disimpulkan bahwa Trainer Mikrokontroler Berbasis Arduino Nano sangat layak digunakansebagai media pembelajaran untuk kelas XI TAV di SMK N.1 Lubuk Pakam. Kata Kunci : Media Pembelajaran Trainer, Arduino Nano

Coolant Quality Sensor

The cooling system is one of the important things but also the most ignored thing when it comes to maintenances. Very few people are known about how to keep the maintain the coolant properly or when to replace the coolant. As distilled water is not readily available everywhere people usually top up their coolant with tap water which will cause deposition of mineral which may damage the radiator. These minerals are responsible for the rusting of internal components of the engine. A survey shows that majority of the people don’t check their coolant. Therefore, we intend to make a system that will display the condition of the coolant. The system will be IR based which will indicate the condition of the coolant based of its color. A different threshold is set for a different color. Some of the previous research use electrodes to check the condition of the coolant but it could only detect the rusty coolant, not the degraded one. The degraded coolant will not absorb as much heat as the new coolant. The aim was to create an in-expensive system which has an easy construction and also use readily available components. The system that we are using indicates according to the color of coolant which more accurate. Keywords: Coolant, ATmega328p, IR sensor, vehicle electronics, cooling system

The accuracy of Infrared sensor detection in a smart toilet

Background: Infrared (IR) sensors are useful tools for detecting distance and proximity. However, these sensors are not good at detecting edges of an area, therefore when used in a smart toilet it has difficulty in detecting the orientation and position of the user’s body. The aim of this study was to design an IR sensor for a smart toilet with a more accurate and consistent detection. Methods: A total of 12(six men and six women) participants with different body types were involved in this study. IR sensor detection was tested in the sitting and squatting toilets. For the best accuracy, the IR sensor's angle was measured. Red, blue, and red-blue plastic covers were used, as these colors improve precision. The microcontroller was set up to calculate the participant’s distance and presence in the cubicle. Results: Toilet positioning varied greatly depending on whether one is sitting or squatting. For sitting toilet, the red cover was close to the accurate distance at a 172˚ angle. IR detected a man but not a woman's body. The blue cover provided the same best angle of 172˚ with a higher sensor distance. When the red and blue cover combination was applied, the reading of 141cm detected both men and women, at 172˚ angle. The actual distance for squatting toilets was 158cm. The optimal angle for both red and blue covers was 176˚, however the sensor distance was greater for the blue cover. Finally, the red and blue cover combination gave a more accurate distance of up to 163cm from the actual reading, when detecting both genders at a normal angle of 76˚. Conclusion: The combination of red and blue cover gave the most accurate detection for the squatting and sitting toilets. The best angle for sitting was 172˚, and for squatting was 176˚.

Multipurpose Agriculture Robot

The development and the fabrication of the robot which can dig the soil, put the seeds, leveler to close the mud and sprayer to spray water, these whole systems of the robot works with the battery and the solar power. More than 40% of the population in the world chooses agriculture as the primary occupation, in recent years the development of the autonomous vehicles in the agriculture has experienced increased interest. The vehicle is controlled by Relay switch through IR sensor input. The language input allows a user to interact with the robot which is familiar to most of the people. The advantages of these robots are hands-free and fast data input operations. In the field of agricultural autonomous vehicle, a concept is been developed to investigate if multiple small autonomous machine could be more efficient than traditional large tractors and human forces. Keeping the above ideology in mind, a unit with the following feature is designed: Ploughing is one of the first steps in farming. During this process we till the land and make it ready for the seed sowing. By tilling we mean that a plough will be used which will have teeth’s like structure at the end and will be able to turn the top layer of soil down and vice-versa. Seed sowing comes next where the seeds need to be put in ground at regular intervals and these needs to be controlled automatically. Limiting the flow of seeds from the seeds chamber is typically doing this. Mud leveler is fitted to close the seeds to the soil and to level the ground.

Intellisensed Street Light

Now-a-days, power consumption has been increased by street light as they remain turned on unnecessarily. The operations of street light i.e. switching on/off of street light are done by human being which is sometimes time consuming and wastage of energy. However, saving power is need of an hour because natural resources are degrading day-by day. Therefore, each and every citizen is responsible for saving power as well as other natural resources. By understanding drawback of the current system, this paper proposes a new idea of Smart Street Light System that can reduce human work as well as the consumption of power. The web module is designed to gather data continuously about power consumption of LED and sent to cloud server. The main objective of Smart Street Light System is that to get automatically activated in absence of sunlight and it will be deactivated/turned off automatically if IR sensor doesn’t detect any human, vehicle or any other object.

Design and Development of IoT-Enabled Medicine Reminder Box

IoT (Internet of Things) refers to a system of internet-connected devices which are capable of sending and receiving the data without human intervention. This technology enabled the remote monitoring in health care sector which lead to keep the patients safe and heathy, and ensuring to deliver superlative care. Some people apparently should be taken care by the caretakers and other family members. This is not provided by everyone in today’s life. So, they may forget to consume medicines at the right time and may also forget what pill has to be taken. This paper aims to develop a device which alerts the patients to take medicine at the right time in an efficient manner. The proposed system has a facility which alerts the patients to take medicine on time and also acknowledges the medicine in-take through a Gmail notification. In the proposed system, the alarm is set up with the help of Blynk app indicating the patient to take the medicine. The IR sensor interfaced with the microcontroller unit determines the patient medicine in-take. The sensor detects the hand movement of the patient when he opens and takes the medicine from the slot provided. The corresponding message is sent to the caretaker via Gmail based on the IR sensor status.

Industrial Protection System using Arduino and IoT

The Industrial protection system designed using Arduino and IOT mainly focuses on the protection of industries from various losses occurring due to accidents caused due to improper conditions and maintenance. Gas leaks can cause fires that cause huge industrial losses; Instant fire detection is also required in the event of a furnace explosion or other conditions. Additionally, poor lighting in industries can create unsuitable working conditions, increasing the likelihood of accidents. The system uses Arduino to achieve this functionality. The system uses temperature sensors in combination with gas light sensors to detect fires, gas leaks, and low light to prevent industrial accidents and avoid leaks. These setups also work as an anti-theft security system where it utilizes the IR sensor to detect the objects coming in its path. So this IR sensor works with the help of direct incidence of radiation on the photodiode. This IR LED which is placed on one side of the board and the photodiode is placed on the other helps to detect any obstacle or object which comes closer to contact with it. This object detection is indicated with the help of an alarm to notify us. The system consists of light, gas, and temperature sensors interconnected with Arduino and LCD screens. Sensor data is constantly scanned to record values and check for fire, gas leaks, or poor lighting, and then this data is transmitted online. The Wi-fi module is used to achieve internet functionality. The Blynk server then displays this information online, to achieve the desired result.

Speed Sensing Machine using Arduino

There are certain rules that some authorities have introduced in case of violation of fastmoving vehicles. Most importantly determine any country regulation on certain roads that is, you will be breaking the law if the speed of your car exceeds this the limit. IR sensors are a large part of a project that detects car speed. Generally, you will be able to use set up IR Sensors on many ways but during this project, we used 2 IR Sensors models and set them 10cm apart. When the moving vehicle reaches the main sensor, the IR Sensor is activated. From this moment on, the timer has been started and can still save time until the car reaches the 2nd IR sensor. By imitating the gap in the middle 2 sensors at 5 meters, you will count the speed at which the vehicle has moved from 1st IR Sensor to 2nd IR Sensor as expected to verify the detection in kmph. All statistics and data collection are done in Arduino and therefore the end is shown in the 16X2 LCD display. This route was introduced to detect the speed of the car or a person in general and a warning to people who go along with providing an automatic buzzer. Currently, a RADAR gun or LIDARs are widely used to speed up the acquisition but require someone to pull the impact of finding speed. during this work it has been proven that automation provides better performance than human management system.