scholarly journals Franciscan Order from Reform of Fr. Paolo a Trinci to the Division of the Order in 1517. The Evidence from the Franciscan sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-256
Author(s):  
Daniel Patafta
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Observant Movement ◽  
Franciscan Order ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Different Sources

These article examine the circumstances which bring to the division of Franciscan Order in 1517. It begins with beginning of small Reform movement of Fr. Paolo of Trinci at 1368 which outgrow in 15th century in strong Observant movement. The question of observing the Rule of St. Francis was basic problem between Observants and Conventuals, and it grow in big ecclesiastical, political and social problem which was solved at 1517 bay division of the Order. Article is mostly based on published different sources of Franciscan history. Most of these sources are original sources published in various publications of Collegii di S. Bonaventura, in 19th and 20th century.

scholarly journals Material evidence? Re-approaching elite women’s seals and charters in late medieval Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 301-326
Author(s):  
Rachel Meredith Davis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Different Types ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Insight Into

Medieval Scottish women’s seals remain largely unexplored compared to the scholarship on seals and sealing practice elsewhere in medieval Britain. This article has two chief aims. First, it seeks to demonstrate the insufficiencies of the 19th- and 20th-century Scottish seal catalogues as a mediated record of material evidence and the use of them as comprehensive and go-to reference texts within current research on late medieval Scotland. This includes a discussion of the ways in which medieval seals survive as original impressions, casts and illustrations and how these different types of evidence can be used in the construction and reconstruction of the seal’s and charter’s context. Second, this paper will explore the materiality and interconnectedness of seals and the charters to which they are attached. A reading of these two objects together emphasises the legal function of the seal and shows its distinctive purpose as a representational object. While the seal was used in con-texts beyond the basic writ charter, it remained a legally functional and (auto)biographical object, and, as such, the relationship between seal and charter informs meaning in representational identities expressed in both. The article will apply this approach to several examples of seals belonging to 14th- and 15th-century Scottish countesses. Evidence reviewed this way provides new insight into Scottish women’s sealing practice and female use of heraldic device. The deficiencies of assuming women’s design to be formulaic or that their seals can be usefully interpreted in isolation from the charters to which they were attached will be highlighted. The interconnectedness of word and image conveyed personal links and elite ambitions, and promoted noble lineage within the legal context of charter production.

scholarly journals Reconstructing historical egocentric social networks in malacology: can eponyms serve as a proxy for contacts?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham S Breure
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Provenance Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Different Sources

During the 19th and 20th century eponyms have been widely used in taxonomy to honour collectors of material on which new taxa have been based. Also have new taxa been dedicated to author-colleagues. Five cases are discussed to trace the extend of overlap between eponyms and known contacts of the author, using different sources of historical data (source publications of the author, provenance data in collections, correspondence archive, reprint administration). Authors have had personal preferences in the extend to which they dedicated eponyms to persons they were in contact, either indirectly (field collectors) or directly (field collectors, cabinet collectors or collegial authors). Eponyms named after a person who is known to have authored malacological papers strongly suggests that there was contact between the two authors (correspondence and/or exchange of material). If eponyms were given in reciprocation their contacts were likely to be relatively strong. Eponyms may be used as a proxy for contacts of the author if the contextual information is taken into account.

scholarly journals Reconstructing historical egocentric social networks in malacology: can eponyms serve as a proxy for contacts?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham S Breure
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Provenance Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Different Sources

During the 19th and 20th century eponyms have been widely used in taxonomy to honour collectors of material on which new taxa have been based. Also have new taxa been dedicated to author-colleagues. Five cases are discussed to trace the extend of overlap between eponyms and known contacts of the author, using different sources of historical data (source publications of the author, provenance data in collections, correspondence archive, reprint administration). Authors have had personal preferences in the extend to which they dedicated eponyms to persons they were in contact, either indirectly (field collectors) or directly (field collectors, cabinet collectors or collegial authors). Eponyms named after a person who is known to have authored malacological papers strongly suggests that there was contact between the two authors (correspondence and/or exchange of material). If eponyms were given in reciprocation their contacts were likely to be relatively strong. Eponyms may be used as a proxy for contacts of the author if the contextual information is taken into account.

Survey of Scottish art libraries. Part 2

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The University ◽  
General Collection

William Hunter’s bequest of 1783 forms the nucleus of the University of Glasgow’s Art Collections. It included a Rembrandt, a Koninck, three Chardins and three Stubbs. Hunter’s gift was unmatched in importance until this century which brought the gifts and bequest of 1935,1954 and 1958 respectively by Miss Rosalind Birnie Philip of the large part of James McNeill Whistler’s estate consisting of 80 oils, 100 pastels, c. 150 drawings and watercolours, 500 etchings and 140 lithographs, and the Davidson family gift and bequest of 1945 of work by Charles Rennie Mackintosh which included over 500 designs and watercolours and about 70 pieces of furniture. The general collection of c. 800 oils and 850 drawings and watercolours includes good holdings of 17th century Dutch and Flemish work, 18th century British portraits and 19th and 20th century French and Scottish painting. The print collection of over 15,000 items provides a representative selection from the late 15th century to the present day.

Arms Races and Cooperation

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Downs ◽  
David M. Rocke ◽  
Randolph M. Siverson
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Unilateral Action ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Different Sources

States interested in reducing the level of arms competition with a rival can employ a variety of strategies designed to promote cooperation. We examine the ability of three important strategies—unilateral action, tacit bargaining, and negotiation—to reduce the intensity of arms races motivated by different patterns of preferences and complicated by different sources of uncertainty. The latter include strategic misrepresentation, imperfect intelligence, problems of interpretation, and problems of control. Examples are drawn from 19th- and 20th-century arms races that did not result in war.

The Contemporary Serbian Historiography on Women in the Independent Serbian State (1878–1918): An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Lobacheva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Women's Issues ◽  
Biographical Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Current Stage

This article aims to consider how Serbian scholars/historians approach to the study of Serbian women in the history of the independent Serbian state and the Serbian society in 1878–1918 at the current stage of the research (from the beginning of 1990th until 2017). This paper will give an overview of some of the main areas of historical studies considering Serbian women’s “being and life”. For example the historiography on history of “women’s question” including women’s movement and/or feminism will be considered as well as biographical research, the study of women’s position through the lens of the modernization process in Serbia in the 19th and 20th Century, Serbian women’s issues in gender studies and through the history of everyday and private life and family, the analysis of the perception of Serbian woman by outside observers including the study of the image of Serbian woman created/constructed by “others”.

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