Faculty Opinions recommendation of Relaxed selective pressure on an essential component of pheromone transduction in primate evolution.

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Roper
Keyword(s):  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Primate Evolution ◽  
Essential Component

Liminal Light and Primate Evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J. Dominy ◽  
Amanda D. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Primate Evolution ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
Anthropoid Primates ◽  
Diurnal Behavior ◽  
Many Sources

The adaptive origins of primates and anthropoid primates are topics of enduring interest to biological anthropologists. A convention in these discussions is to treat the light environment as binary—night is dark, day is light—and to impute corresponding selective pressure on the visual systems and behaviors of primates. In consequence, debate has tended to focus on whether a given trait can be interpreted as evidence of nocturnal or diurnal behavior in the primate fossil record. Such classification elides the variability in light, or the ways that primates internalize light in their environments. Here, we explore the liminality of light by focusing on what it is, its many sources, and its flux under natural conditions. We conclude by focusing on the intensity and spectral properties of twilight, and we review the mounting evidence of its importance as a cue that determines the onset or offset of primate activities as well as the entrainment of circadian rhythms.

CRITICAL STUDY ON DATABASE AND PROMINENT PROGRAMMES

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Dr. Vinod Kumar ◽  
Gagandeep Raheja ◽  
Sukhpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Database Systems ◽  
Simple Device ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The People

The people who work with computers, the programmers, analysts, and operators who seem to live by rules of their own and seldom leave their own environment, tend to be very cynical towards the stories of electronic brains. This attitude will appear hardly surprising when one eventually learns that the computer is a very simple device and is as far removed from an electronic brain as a bicycle from a spaceship. Programmers in particular are the people most aware that computers are no substitute for the human brain; in fact, the preparation of work to be run on a computer can be one of the most mind-bending exercises encountered in everyday life. Databases and database systems have become an essential component of everyday life in modern society. In the course of a day, most of us encounter several activities that involve some interaction with a database. So in this paper we will talk about how to manage the different type of data involved in any form in the database.

Study of Alnus incana L. Moench fruit extract biologically active substances influence on resistance development in mls-resistant staphylococci skin isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
R.V. Kutsyk ◽  
O.I. Yurchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Active Substances

The emergence of microorganisms resistant strains is a natural biological response to the use of antimicrobial drugs that creates selective pressure, contributing to pathogens selection, survival and reproduction. The purpose of the investigation was to study the resistance development of staphylococci skin isolates to erythromycin and influence on it Alnus incana L. fruit extract subinhibitory concentrations. Development of resistance to erythromycin and influence on it Alnus incana L. fruit extract (extraction by 90% ethanol) subinhibitory concentrations were conducted with S epidermidis strains: sensitive and resistant to 14 and 15-membered macrolides. The study was carried out within 30 days by multiple consecutive passages of staphylococci test strains (concentration 1×107 CFU/ml) into test tubes containing broth and erythromycin ranging from 3 doubling dilutions above to doubling dilutions below the minimum inhibitory concentration. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out by one-and two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Microsoft Office Excel 2011. Rapid increase of resistance from 32 to 1024 μg/ml (F=34.2804; F> Fstand. max = 5.9874; p=0.0011) for S.epidermidis with a low level of resistance to 14 and 15-membered macrolides resistance to the erythromycine was observed. In the presence of Alnus incana L. fruit extract subinhibitory concentrations (¼ MIC), the initial MIC of erythromycin was decreased by 32 times to 1 μg/ml (F = 9.7497; F> Fstand. max = 5.9874; p = 0.0205). The sensitive strain after 30 passages did not develop resistance to erythromycin. Under the influence of erythromycin selective pressure, S.epidermidis strain with low initial level of MLS-resistance rapidly reaches a high-level resistance. Biologically active substances of the Alnus incana L. fruit extract significantly inhibit the resistance development in S. epidermidis to macrolides and eliminate it phenotypic features.

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