Faculty Opinions recommendation of High frequency of mutations that expand the host range of an RNA virus.

Understanding the potential for host range shifts and expansions of RNA viruses is critical to predicting the evolutionary and epidemiological paths of these pathogens. As arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) experience frequent spillover from their amplification cycles and are generalists by nature, they are likely to experience a relatively high frequency of success in a range of host environments. Despite this, the potential for host expansion, the genetic correlates of adaptation to novel environments and the costs of such adaptations in originally competent hosts are still not characterized fully for arboviruses. In the studies presented here, we utilized experimental evolution of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) in vitro in the Dermacentor andersoni line of tick cells to model adaptation to a novel invertebrate host. Our results demonstrated that levels of adaptation and costs in alternate hosts are highly variable among lineages, but also that significant fitness increases in tick cells are achievable with only modest change in consensus genetic sequence. In addition, although accumulation of diversity may at times buffer against phenotypic costs within the SLEV swarm, an increased proportion of variants with an impaired capacity to infect and spread on vertebrate cell culture accumulated with tick cell passage. Isolation and characterization of a subset of these variants implicates the NS3 gene as an important host range determinant for SLEV.

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Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus: An Emerging Monopartite Dicot Infecting Mastrevirus

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11010005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Surapathrudu Kanakala ◽

Paul Kuria

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

High Frequency ◽

Rapid Evolution ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Genome Diversity ◽

Circular Dna ◽

Orosius Albicinctus ◽

Insect Interactions ◽

Circular Dna Virus

Chickpea stunt disease (CSD), caused by Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) is a threat to chickpea production leading to yield losses of 75–95%. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus is a monopartite, single-stranded circular DNA virus in the genus Mastrevirus and family Geminiviridae. It is transmitted by Orosius albicinctus in a circulative (persistent) and nonpropagative manner. Symptoms of CSD include very small leaves, intense discoloration (yellowing (kabuli type) and reddening (desi type)), and bushy stunted appearance of the plant. Presently, CpCDVs occurs in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East, causing extensive losses on economically important crops in in the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Caricaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Pedaliaceae, and Solanaceae. High frequency of recombinations has played a significant role in the wide host range, diversification, and rapid evolution of CpCDVs. This review highlights the extensive research on the CpCDV genome diversity, host range, plant–virus–insect interactions, and RNA interference-based resistance of CpCDV, providing new insights into the host adaptation and virus evolution.

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Cytopathology and experimental host range of Rhopalosiphum padi virus, a small isometric RNA virus infecting cereal grain aphids

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology ◽

10.1016/0022-2011(90)90060-j ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 245-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

F.E. Gildow ◽

C.J. D'Arcy

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Experimental Host ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Experimental Host Range

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Host-Range Shift Between Emerging P[8]-4 Rotavirus and Common P[8] and P[4] Strains

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 222 (5) ◽

pp. 836-839

Author(s):

Amira Khachou ◽

Béatrice Le Moullac-Vaidye ◽

Cécile Peltier ◽

Adrien Breiman ◽

Berthe-Marie Imbert-Marcille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Host Range ◽

Blood Group ◽

High Frequency ◽

Range Shift ◽

Enzyme Deficiency ◽

Secretor Status

Abstract In Tunisia, we observed that rotavirus P[8]-3 and P[4] strains in young children with gastroenteritis associate with secretor histo-blood group phenotype. In contrast, the emerging P[8]-4 strain, representing 10% of cases, was exclusively found in nonsecretor patients. Unlike VP8* from P[8]-3 and P[4] strains, the P[8]-4 VP8* protein attached to glycans from saliva samples regardless of the donor’s secretor status. Interestingly, a high frequency of FUT2 enzyme deficiency (nonsecretor phenotype) was observed in the population. This may allow cocirculation of P[8]-3 and P[8]-4 strains in secretor and nonsecretor children, respectively.

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Foodborne Transmission of Deformed Wing Virus to Ants (Myrmica rubra)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10110394 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Schläppi ◽

Lattrell ◽

Yañez ◽

Chejanovsky ◽

Neumann

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Alternative Host ◽

Feeding Experiment ◽

Myrmica Rubra ◽

Deformed Wing Virus ◽

Host Shifts ◽

Transmission Pathways

Virus host shifts occur frequently, but the whole range of host species and the actual transmission pathways are often poorly understood. Deformed wing virus (DWV), an RNA virus described from honeybees (Apis mellifera), has been shown to have a broad host range. Since ants are often scavenging on dead honeybees, foodborne transmission of these viruses may occur. However, the role of the ant Myrmica rubra as an alternative host is not known and foodborne transmission to ants has not been experimentally addressed yet. Here, we show with a 16-week feeding experiment that foodborne transmission enables DWV type-A and -B to infect M. rubra and that these ants may serve as a virus reservoir. However, the titers of both plus- and minus-sense viral RNA strands decreased over time. Since the ants were fed with highly virus-saturated honeybee pupae, this probably resulted in initial viral peaks, then approaching lower equilibrium titers in infected individuals later. Since DWV infections were also found in untreated field-collected M. rubra colonies, our results support the wide host range of DWV and further suggest foodborne transmission as a so far underestimated spread mechanism.

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Construction of a Derivative of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 That Does Not Mutate to Tetracycline Resistance

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.1.98 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 98-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

Zhao-Qing Luo ◽

Thomas E. Clemente ◽

Stephen K. Farrand

Keyword(s):

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽

Host Range ◽

High Frequency ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Selection Marker ◽

Detectable Effect ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Binary Vectors ◽

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens C58

Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 mutates to tetracycline resistance at high frequency, complicating the use of many broad-host-range cloning and binary vectors that code for resistance to this antibiotic as the selection marker. Such mutations are associated with a resistant gene unit, tetC58, that is present in the genome of this strain. By deleting the tetC58 locus, we constructed NTL4, a derivative of C58 that no longer mutates to tetracycline resistance. The deletion had no detectable effect on genetic or physiological traits of NTL4 or on the ability of this strain to transform plants.

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