Feline Stool-Associated Circular DNA Virus (FeSCV) in Diarrheic Cats in China

Feline stool-associated circular DNA virus (FeSCV) is an unclassified circular replication-associated protein-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA virus that was discovered in cats in Japan in 2018. Few studies on the genomic characteristics and prevalence of FeSCV have been conducted. To investigate whether FeSCV has been circulating in domestic cats in Guangdong, China, fecal samples were collected from cats with diarrhea in an animal hospital in 2018 to promote research on FeSCV. The FeSCV genome was obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing, and the detected virus was named PY4 (GenBank No. MT732515). The genome of PY4 was 2,034 nt in size, which was 12 nt smaller than the reported genome of Japanese FeSCV strains (KU7, KU8, KU9, KU14) (2,046 nt). The PY4 strain shared 95.1 ~ 95.5% homology with Japanese FeSCV strains. Notably, the Cap protein of PY4 was mutated at 15 amino acid sites, and the PY4 genome contained a unique open reading frame 3. In addition, there were two additional base insertions in the stem-loop structure of PY4, and the nucleotide homology of the spacer region was not high. A phylogenetic tree based on Rep proteins showed that PY4, Japanese FeSCVs and rodent stool-associated circular viruses (RodSCVs) clustered together, suggesting that they might share a similar origin in their phylogenetic evolution. In this study, samples collected in Guangzhou, China, in 2018 were subjected to an etiological investigation, and 20% (2/10) of the samples were positive for FeSCV. The ORFs, stem-loop structures, Cap proteins and intergenic region sequences of PY4 were significantly different from those reported in Japan. This is the first report of FeSCV in domestic cats with diarrhea in China, and further epidemiological studies are urgently needed to assess the impact of the virus on cats.

TO STUDY KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICES TOWARDS IMMUNIZATION AGAINST HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONGST NURSING STAFF OF M.G. HOSPITAL, BHILWARA

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a double-stranded circular DNA virus and member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 250 nursing staff. There were total 263 nursing staff in this hospital out of which 250 enrolled voluntarily to participate in this study. The objective, nature and benefits of this study were explained and informed & written consent was taken from all participants. All nursing staff were interviewed structured self-completed quaternaries. Results: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an occupational health hazard preventable by vaccination. 78% of nursing staff know that Hep B is a vaccine preventable. 42% of participants knew that getting vaccinated offers a protection from infection for 15 years. 16% of nursing staff are aware that a titre value of more than 10 ml U/ml is needed for protection from Hepatitis B infection. 84% of nursing staff are willing to motivate others and encourage them to get vaccinated against Hepatitis B. Conclusion: This study highlighted the need to have nursing staff educated regarding significance of immunization against vaccine preventable disease. Keywords- Hepatitis, Immunization, Liver,

Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus: An Emerging Monopartite Dicot Infecting Mastrevirus

Chickpea stunt disease (CSD), caused by Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) is a threat to chickpea production leading to yield losses of 75–95%. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus is a monopartite, single-stranded circular DNA virus in the genus Mastrevirus and family Geminiviridae. It is transmitted by Orosius albicinctus in a circulative (persistent) and nonpropagative manner. Symptoms of CSD include very small leaves, intense discoloration (yellowing (kabuli type) and reddening (desi type)), and bushy stunted appearance of the plant. Presently, CpCDVs occurs in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East, causing extensive losses on economically important crops in in the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Caricaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Pedaliaceae, and Solanaceae. High frequency of recombinations has played a significant role in the wide host range, diversification, and rapid evolution of CpCDVs. This review highlights the extensive research on the CpCDV genome diversity, host range, plant–virus–insect interactions, and RNA interference-based resistance of CpCDV, providing new insights into the host adaptation and virus evolution.