<p>Liquid chromatography
mass spectrometry (LC-MS) delivers sensitive peptide analysis for proteomics,
but the methodology requires extensive analysis time, hampering throughput.
Here, we demonstrate that flow injection analysis data-independent acquisition
(FIA-DIA), using gas-phase peptide separation instead of LC, offers extremely
fast proteome analysis. Incorporating ion mobility with FIA-DIA, we demonstrate
the targeted quantification of over 500 proteins within minutes of MS data
collection (~3.5 proteins/second). We show the utility of this technology to
perform a complex multifactorial proteome study of interactions between
nutrients, genotype, and mitochondrial toxins in a collection of cultured human
cells. More than 45,000 quantitative protein measurements from 132 samples were
achieved in only 4.4 hours of MS data collection. Enabling fast, unbiased
proteome quantification without LC, FIA-DIA offers a new approach to boosting
throughput critical to drug and biomarker discovery studies that require
analysis of thousands of proteomes.</p>