Faculty Opinions recommendation of The Pituitary Gland is a Novel Major Site of Action of Metformin in Non-Human Primates: a Potential Path to Expand and Integrate Its Metabolic Actions.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tulipano
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Site Of Action

Low melatonin as a contributor to SARS-CoV-2 disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-576
Author(s):  
Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal ◽  
Daniel P Cardinali ◽  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Gregory M Brown
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Immune Modulator ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Extrapineal Melatonin

That the pineal gland is a source of melatonin is widely known; however, by comparison, few know of the much larger pool of extrapineal melatonin. That pool is widely distributed in all animals, including those that do not have a pineal gland, e.g., insects.  Extrapineal melatonin is not released into the blood but is used locally to function as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, etc. A major site of action of peripherally-produced melatonin is the mitochondria where it neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during oxidative phosphorylation. Its role also includes major actions as an immune modulator reducing overreactions to foreign agents while simultaneously boosting immune processes. During a pandemic such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, melatonin is capable of suppressing the damage inflicted by the cytokine storm. The implications of melatonin in susceptibility and treatment of COVID-19 disease are discussed. 

scholarly journals Intestine may be a major site of action for the apoA-I mimetic peptide 4F whether administered subcutaneously or orally

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Navab ◽  
Srinivasa T. Reddy ◽  
G. M. Anantharamaiah ◽  
Satoshi Imaizumi ◽  
Greg Hough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Site ◽  
Mimetic Peptide ◽  
Site Of Action

scholarly journals Innervation of the pancreas by substance P, enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin/CCK immunoractive nerves.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
L I Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

Immunocytochemical studies habe shown that many peptides which profoundly affect the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas are localized to neurons. In the cat, such peptidergic nerves appear to innervate ganglia, islets and blood vessels of the pancreas, whereas their contributions to exocrine cells are minor. Our studies suggest that pancreatic ganglia represent one major site of action of the peptides and that, in addition, nerves containing the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin/CCK-related peptides profoundly affect pancreatic blood flow and insulin secretion, respectively.

Differential effects of methylmercuric chloride and mercuric chloride on the L-glutamate and potassium evoked release of [3H]dopamine from mouse striatal slices

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. McKay ◽  
J. N. Reynolds ◽  
W. J. Racz
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Striatal Slices ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Methylmercuric Chloride ◽  
Site Of Action

The effects of CH3HgCl and HgCl2 on the evoked release of 3H from mouse striatal slices prelabelled with [3H]dopamine have been examined. CH3HgCl (10 μM) was observed to increase the L-glutamate-evoked release of [3H]dopamine, while HgCl2 (10 μM) had no effect. In contrast, CH3HgCl at concentrations up to 100 μM had no effect on the 25 mM K+-stimulated release of [3H]dopamine, whereas HgCl2 (100 μM) significantly reduced the 25 mM K+-stimulated release of [3H]dopamine. Thus CH3HgCl and HgCl2 have differential effects on the L-glutamate- and K+-stimulated release of [3H]dopamine from mouse striatal slices, suggesting that these compounds may have different sites and (or) mechanisms of action in altering neurotransmitter release. It is suggested that CH3HgCl may act predominantly at intracellular sites or at the level of the L-glutamate receptor, whereas the major site of action of HgCl2 may be the voltage-operated calcium channel.

DIFFERENT MODES OF ACTION OF TWO ANTIOVULATORY COMPOUNDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S179-S190 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Overbeek ◽  
J. de Visser
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
List Type ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Lh Release

ABSTRACT Lynestrenol and 6α-methyllynestrenol were studied in rats for their respective ability to: prevent spontaneous ovulation. prevent ovulation induced by a single injection of luteinizing hormone (human chorionic gonadotrophin). to prevent ovarian hypertrophy in parabiotic (♀[unk]) rats The results warrant the following conclusions about the site of action of both substances: Lynestrenol prevents ovulation by inhibiting FSH release from the pituitary gland, so that there are no ripening follicles ready to respond to LH. 6α-Methyllynestrenol inhibits ovulation by abolishing LH-release thus preventing the final maturation and rupture of normally developing follicles.

The Anterior Pituitary Gland as a Possible Site of Action of Kainic Acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zanisi ◽  
M. Galbiati ◽  
E. Messi ◽  
L. Martini
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Site Of Action

scholarly journals Pulmonary artery is a major site of action of α-AMP

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Naohisa Ishikawa ◽  
Akemi Hayakawa ◽  
Tatsuro Shigei ◽  
Toshihiko Uematsu ◽  
Ryuichi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Site Of Action

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF IMMUNITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RETROGRADE PYELONEPHRITIS

1964 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty W. Hunter ◽  
Lona L. Akins ◽  
Jay P. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Intravesical Injection ◽  
Prior Infection

Retrograde pyelonephritis was produced in rats by the intravesical injection of Proteus mirabilis. When animals were preimmunized against Proteus mirabilis by (a) prior infection, (b) administration of antigen, or (c) passively transferred antiserum, they were resistant to infection by proteus when challenged by the retrograde route. The protective effect of specific preimmunization in retrograde pyelonephritis indicates that a major site of action is retardation of bacterial growth within the parenchyma of the kidney.

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