Faculty Opinions recommendation of Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Vertebral Bone ◽  
Vertebral Bone Marrow

scholarly journals Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabf7844
Author(s):  
Andrea Cugurra ◽  
Tornike Mamuladze ◽  
Justin Rustenhoven ◽  
Taitea Dykstra ◽  
Giorgi Beroshvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Membranous Structure ◽  
Vertebral Bone ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Vertebral Bone Marrow

The meninges are a membranous structure enveloping the central nervous system (CNS) that host a rich repertoire of immune cells mediating CNS immune surveillance. Here, we report that the meninges contain a pool of monocytes and neutrophils supplied not from the blood, but by adjacent skull and vertebral bone marrow. Under pathological conditions, including spinal cord injury and neuroinflammation, CNS-infiltrating myeloid cells can originate from brain borders and display transcriptional signatures distinct from their blood-derived counterparts. Thus, CNS borders are populated by myeloid cells from adjacent bone-marrow niches, strategically placed to supply innate immune cells under homeostatic and pathological conditions. These findings call for reinterpretation of immune-cell infiltration into the CNS during injury and autoimmunity and may inform future therapeutic approaches harnessing meningeal immune cells.

scholarly journals Vertebral Bone Marrow and Endplate Assessment on MR Imaging for the Differentiation of Modic Type 1 Endplate Changes and Infectious Spondylodiscitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Schwarz-Nemec ◽  
Klaus M. Friedrich ◽  
Christoph Stihsen ◽  
Felix K. Schwarz ◽  
Siegfried Trattnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Vertebral Bone ◽  
Endplate Changes ◽  
Modic Type ◽  
Infectious Spondylodiscitis ◽  
Vertebral Bone Marrow

On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, Modic type 1 (MT1) endplate changes and infectious spondylodiscitis share similar findings. Therefore, this study investigated vertebral bone marrow and endplate changes to enable their differentiation. The lumbar spine MR examinations of 91 adult patients were retrospectively included: 39 with MT1; 19 with early spondylodiscitis without abscess; and 33 with advanced spondylodiscitis with abscess. The assessment included percentage of bone marrow edema on sagittal short tau inversion recovery images, and the signal ratio of edema to unaffected bone and endplate contour (normal; irregular, yet intact; blurred; destructive) on sagittal unenhanced T1-weighted images. Differences were tested for statistical significance by Chi-square test and mixed model analysis of variance. The MR diagnostic accuracy in differentiating MT1 and spondylodiscitis was assessed by cross-tabulation and receiver-operating characteristic analysis. The endplate contours, edema extents, and T1-signal ratios of MT1 (extent, 31.96%; ratio, 0.83) were significantly different (p < 0.001) from early spondylodiscitis (56.42%; 0.60), and advanced spondylodiscitis (91.84%; 0.61). The highest diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 94.87%; specificity, 94.23%; accuracy, 94.51%) in identifying MT1 was provided by an irregular, yet intact endplate contour. This may be a useful MR feature for the differentiation between MT1 and spondylodiscitis, particularly in its early stage.

Vertebral bone marrow diffusivity in normal adults with varying bone densities at 3T diffusion-weighted imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie He ◽  
Hao Fang ◽  
Xiao na Li
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vertebral Bone ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Vertebral Bone Marrow ◽  
Normal Adults

Background There has been controversy surrounding the relationship between diffusivity and bone mineral density (BMD) in vertebral bone marrow. Moreover, sex-related differences of vertebral bone marrow diffusivity in relation to varying bone densities have not yet been evaluated. Purpose To prospectively investigate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in assessing vertebral marrow changes in normal adults with varying bone densities. Material and Methods A total of 124 normal adult volunteers were enrolled in this study. Sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) DWI of the lumbar spine was performed. The ADC values of vertebral bone marrow were measured. Volumetric BMD measurement was performed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) using Mindways QCT analysis software. All participants were divided into three groups according to BMD (normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis). The differences of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the three groups was compared, and partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between ADC values and BMD. Results ADC values decreased as BMD decreased in female participants. When compared with the normal bone density group, ADC values were significantly decreased in the osteoporotic group and in the osteopenic group of female participants. ADC values of female participants were significantly higher than of male participants in the normal bone density group ( P < 0.001). ADC values correlated positively with BMD values (r = 0.307, P = 0.016) for female participants. Conclusion The diffusivity in vertebral bone marrow with varying bone densities differed by sex. ADC values correlated positively with BMD in women. DWI can quantitively evaluate osteoporosis in women.

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