Faculty Opinions recommendation of Insights on Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson's Disease from a Regional Swedish Case-Control Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) can be more or less relevant to a population due to population-specific genetic architecture, local lifestyle habits, and environmental exposures. Therefore, it is essential to study PD at a local, regional, and continental scale in order to increase the knowledge on disease etiology. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to PD in a new Swedish case-control cohort. METHODS: PD patients (n=929) and matched population-based controls (n=935) from the southernmost county in Sweden were included in the cohort. Information on environmental exposures was obtained using questionnaires at inclusion. Genetic analyses included a genome-wide association study (GWAS), haplotype assessment, and a risk profile analysis using cumulative genetic risk scores. RESULTS: The cohort is a representative PD case-control cohort (64% men, mean age at diagnosis = 67 years, median Hoehn and Yahr score = 2.0), in which previously reported associations between PD and environmental factors, such as tobacco, could be confirmed. We describe the first GWAS of PD solely composed of PD patients from Sweden, and confirm associations to well-established risk alleles in SNCA. In addition, we identified a potential novel, population-specific PD risk variant in the PLPP4 locus (rs12771445) along with a risk haplotype in the region. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides an in-depth description of a new PD case-control cohort from southern Sweden in which we identified a potential novel PD risk locus, PLPP4. Replication studies are needed to determine whether the PLPP4 locus is associated with PD in Sweden, and on a global scale.

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Insights on Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson’s Disease from a Regional Swedish Case-Control Cohort

Journal of Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.3233/jpd-212818 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Kajsa Brolin ◽

Sara Bandres-Ciga ◽

Cornelis Blauwendraat ◽

Håkan Widner ◽

Per Odin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Environmental Exposures ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Cohort ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Background: Risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be more or less relevant to a population due to population-specific genetic architecture, local lifestyle habits, and environmental exposures. Therefore, it is essential to study PD at a local, regional, and continental scale in order to increase the knowledge on disease etiology. Objective: We aimed to investigate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to PD in a new Swedish case-control cohort. Methods: PD patients (n = 929) and matched population-based controls (n = 935) from the southernmost county in Sweden were included in the cohort. Information on environmental exposures was obtained using questionnaires at inclusion. Genetic analyses included a genome-wide association study (GWAS), haplotype assessment, and a risk profile analysis using cumulative genetic risk scores. Results: The cohort is a representative PD case-control cohort (64%men, mean age at diagnosis = 67 years, median Hoehn and Yahr score 2.0), in which previously reported associations between PD and environmental factors, such as tobacco, could be confirmed. We describe the first GWAS of PD solely composed of PD patients from Sweden, and confirm associations to well-established risk alleles in SNCA. In addition, we nominate an unconfirmed and potentially population-specific genome-wide significant association in the PLPP4 locus (rs12771445). Conclusion: This work provides an in-depth description of a new PD case-control cohort from southern Sweden, giving insights into environmental and genetic risk factors of PD in the Swedish population.

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Genetic and Environmental Factors Contributing to Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study in the Cypriot Population

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2019.01047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrea Georgiou ◽

Christiana A. Demetriou ◽

Yiolanda P. Christou ◽

Alexandros Heraclides ◽

Eleni Leonidou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Control Study

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Case-control study of interactions between genetic and environmental factors in Parkinson's disease

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61332-3 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 352 (9145) ◽

pp. 1986-1987 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Giuseppe De Palma ◽

Paola Mozzoni ◽

Antonio Mutti ◽

Stefano Calzetti ◽

Anna Negrotti

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Control Study

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Environmental Factors and Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study in Belgrade, Serbia

International Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3109/00207451003668374 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. 361-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Vlajinac D. Hristina ◽

Sandra B. Sipetic ◽

Jadranka M. Maksimovic ◽

Jelena M. Marinkovic ◽

Eleonora D. Dzoljic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in China

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.39.5.660 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 660-660 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

C. M. Tanner ◽

B. Chen ◽

W. Wang ◽

M. Peng ◽

Z. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Etiology of Parkinson's Disease

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s031716710000319x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (S1) ◽

pp. S10-S18 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Zhigao Huang ◽

Raúl de la Fuente-Fernández ◽

A. Jon Stoessl

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Genetic Mutations ◽

Abnormal Protein ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

There is growing recognition that Parkinson's disease (PD) is likely to arise from the combined effects of genetic predisposition as well as largely unidentified environmental factors. The relative contribution of each varies from one individual to another. Even in situations where more than one family member is affected, the predominant influence may be environmental. Although responsible for only a small minority of cases of PD, recently identified genetic mutations have provided tremendous insights into the basis for neurodegeneration and have led to growing recognition of the importance of abnormal protein handling in Parkinson's as well as other neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormal protein handling may increase susceptibility to oxidative stress; conversely, numerous other factors, including oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function can lead to impaired protein degradation. A limited number of environmental factors are known to be toxic to the substantia nigra; in contrast, some factors such as caffeine intake and cigarette smoking may protect against the development of PD, although the mechanisms are not established. We review the various genetic and environmental factors thought to be involved in PD, as well as the mechanisms that contribute to selective nigral cell death.

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Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: a case–control study in the Tuscany region of Italy

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.01.008 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 481-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. Nuti ◽

R. Ceravolo ◽

G. Dell'Agnello ◽

G. Gambaccini ◽

G. Bellini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Parkinson's Disease and Exposure to Rural Environmental Factors: A Population Based Case-Control Study

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100031826 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 279-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Karen M. Semchuk ◽

Edgar J. Love ◽

Robert G. Lee

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Control Study

ABSTRACT:To determine whether a history of exposure to rural environmental factors leads to an increased likelihood of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease, we conducted a case-control study of 130 cases and 260 randomly selected community controls (matched with the cases by sex and age ± 2.5 years at a ratio of 2 controls: 1 case) in the city of Calgary. The data were collected by personal interviews and were analyzed using conditional logistic regression for matched sets. The ages of the cases ranged from 36.5 to 90.7 years (mean = 68.5 ± 11.3 years). The mean age at diagnosis was 61.1 ± 12.4 years. The mean duration of disease was 7.8 ± 0.6 years. Eleven (9.1%) cases were diagnosed before age 40. In this sample from the Province of Alberta, Canada, no significant increase in risk for Parkinson's disease was associated with a history of rural living, farm living, or well water drinking in early childhood or at any time during the first 45 years of life.

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