Faculty Opinions recommendation of Substituting facial movements in singers changes the sounds of musical intervals.

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that an individual’s experience of emotion is influenced by feedback from their facial movements. To evaluate the cumulative evidence for this hypothesis, we conducted a meta-analysis on 286 effect sizes derived from 138 studies that manipulated facial feedback and collected emotion self-reports. Using random effects meta-regression with robust variance estimates, we found that the overall effect of facial feedback was significant, but small. Results also indicated that feedback effects are stronger in some circumstances than others. We examined 12 potential moderators, and three were associated with differences in effect sizes. 1. Type of emotional outcome: Facial feedback influenced emotional experience (e.g., reported amusement) and, to a greater degree, affective judgments of a stimulus (e.g., the objective funniness of a cartoon). Three publication bias detection methods did not reveal evidence of publication bias in studies examining the effects of facial feedback on emotional experience, but all three methods revealed evidence of publication bias in studies examining affective judgments. 2. Presence of emotional stimuli: Facial feedback effects on emotional experience were larger in the absence of emotionally evocative stimuli (e.g., cartoons). 3. Type of stimuli: When participants were presented with emotionally evocative stimuli, facial feedback effects were larger in the presence of some types of stimuli (e.g., emotional sentences) than others (e.g., pictures). The available evidence supports the facial feedback hypothesis’ central claim that facial feedback influences emotional experience, although these effects tend to be small and heterogeneous.

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The Difference in Facial Movement Between the Medial and the Lateral Midface: A 3D Skin Surface Vector Analysis

Aesthetic Surgery Journal ◽

10.1093/asj/sjab152 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David L Freytag ◽

Michael G Alfertshofer ◽

Konstantin Frank ◽

Dmitry V Melnikov ◽

Nicholas Moellhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Imaging ◽

Functional Anatomy ◽

Skin Surface ◽

Facial Movements ◽

Anatomic Location ◽

Objective Evidence ◽

The Face ◽

Functional Boundary ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background Our understanding of the functional anatomy of the face is constantly improving. To date, it is unclear whether the anatomic location of the line of ligaments has any functional importance during normal facial movements such as smiling. Objectives It is the objective of the present study to identify differences in facial movements between the medial and lateral midface by means of skin vector displacement analyses derived from 3D imaging and to further ascertain whether the line of ligaments has both a structural and functional significance in these movements. Methods The study sample consisted of 21 healthy volunteers (9 females & 12 males) of Caucasian ethnic background with a mean age of 30.6 (8.3) years and a mean BMI of 22.57 (2.5) kg/m 2. 3D images of the volunteers’ faces in repose and during smiling (Duchenne type) were taken. 3D imaging-based skin vector displacement analyses were conducted. Results The mean horizontal skin displacement was 0.08 (2.0) mm in the medial midface (lateral movement) and was -0.08 (1.96) mm in the lateral midface (medial movement) (p = 0.711). The mean vertical skin displacement (cranial movement of skin toward the forehead/temple) was 6.68 (2.4) mm in the medial midface whereas it was 5.20 (2.07) mm in the lateral midface (p = 0.003). Conclusions The results of this study provide objective evidence for an antagonistic skin movement between the medial and the lateral midface. The functional boundary identified by 3D imaging corresponds to the anatomic location of the line of ligaments.

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Virtual Reality Augmented Feedback Rehabilitation Associated to Action Observation Therapy in Buccofacial Apraxia: Case Report

Clinical Medicine Insights Case Reports ◽

10.1177/1179547621994579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117954762199457

Author(s):

Daniele Emedoli ◽

Maddalena Arosio ◽

Andrea Tettamanti ◽

Sandro Iannaccone

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Neural Plasticity ◽

Action Observation ◽

Voluntary Movements ◽

Augmented Feedback ◽

Lower Face ◽

Facial Movements ◽

Upper Face ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Buccofacial Apraxia

Background: Buccofacial Apraxia is defined as the inability to perform voluntary movements of the larynx, pharynx, mandible, tongue, lips and cheeks, while automatic or reflexive control of these structures is preserved. Buccofacial Apraxia frequently co-occurs with aphasia and apraxia of speech and it has been reported as almost exclusively resulting from a lesion of the left hemisphere. Recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of treating apraxia using motor training principles such as Augmented Feedback or Action Observation Therapy. In light of this, the study describes the treatment based on immersive Action Observation Therapy and Virtual Reality Augmented Feedback in a case of Buccofacial Apraxia. Participant and Methods: The participant is a right-handed 58-years-old male. He underwent a neurosurgery intervention of craniotomy and exeresis of infra axial expansive lesion in the frontoparietal convexity compatible with an atypical meningioma. Buccofacial Apraxia was diagnosed by a neurologist and evaluated by the Upper and Lower Face Apraxia Test. Buccofacial Apraxia was quantified also by a specific camera, with an appropriately developed software, able to detect the range of motion of automatic face movements and the range of the same movements on voluntary requests. In order to improve voluntary movements, the participant completed fifteen 1-hour rehabilitation sessions, composed of a 20-minutes immersive Action Observation Therapy followed by a 40-minutes Virtual Reality Augmented Feedback sessions, 5 days a week, for 3 consecutive weeks. Results: After treatment, participant achieved great improvements in quality and range of facial movements, performing most of the facial expressions (eg, kiss, smile, lateral angle of mouth displacement) without unsolicited movement. Furthermore, the Upper and Lower Face Apraxia Test showed an improvement of 118% for the Upper Face movements and of 200% for the Lower Face movements. Conclusion: Performing voluntary movement in a Virtual Reality environment with Augmented Feedbacks, in addition to Action Observation Therapy, improved performances of facial gestures and consolidate the activations by the central nervous system based on principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity.

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A novel method to treat recurrent facial pain: a case report

Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s13256-021-02888-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jintakorn Kuvatanasuchati ◽

Karoon Leowsrisook

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

Facial Pain ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Facial Movements ◽

Novel Treatment ◽

Effective Cost ◽

Novel Method

Abstract Background Chronic facial pain is a serious condition affecting millions of people worldwide. The reasons for chronic facial pain vary, and currently, the methods of treating chronic facial pain are expensive, invasive, and, based on current findings, ineffective. The purpose of this study is to develop and test an effective, cost-friendly method to treat patients with chronic facial pain. This study will examine the effectiveness of a novel treatment of a patient suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. Case presentation A 70-year-old Thai female visited the advanced general dentistry clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. She was suffering from facial pain on her left side and was diagnosed by a physician as having trigeminal neuralgia. She experienced a sharp shooting pain that was triggered by facial movements such as chewing, speaking, or brushing teeth, and touching certain areas of her face. Bouts of pain lasted from a few seconds to several minutes, and episodes of several attacks lasted days, weeks, months, or longer prior to her visit to the advanced general dentistry clinic at Mahidol University. Physician designed an occlusal equilibration appliance for treating the patient by inserting the appliance in the mouth for dental occlusal equilibration (deprogram). The patient used this appliance by placing it in the mouth continuously (day and night) and removed it only when eating. After using the appliance for 2 weeks, the patient appeared to feel and look better prior to taking medication and was able to eat normally. The patient was pain free after treatment for a duration of 9 months. However, after 9 months, the pain reoccurred and manifested itself. Conclusion This novel treatment of recurrent facial pain showed an improvement of the patient’s chronic facial pain and serves as evidence to being a novel method for treating those suffering from trigeminal neuralgia.

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Facial Expression Recognition Based on Multi-Features Cooperative Deep Convolutional Network

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1428

Author(s):

Haopeng Wu ◽

Zhiying Lu ◽

Jianfeng Zhang ◽

Xin Li ◽

Mingyue Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Expression ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Facial Expression Recognition ◽

Video Data ◽

Expression Recognition ◽

Convolutional Network ◽

Facial Movements ◽

The Face ◽

Deep Convolutional Network ◽

Selection Of

This paper addresses the problem of Facial Expression Recognition (FER), focusing on unobvious facial movements. Traditional methods often cause overfitting problems or incomplete information due to insufficient data and manual selection of features. Instead, our proposed network, which is called the Multi-features Cooperative Deep Convolutional Network (MC-DCN), maintains focus on the overall feature of the face and the trend of key parts. The processing of video data is the first stage. The method of ensemble of regression trees (ERT) is used to obtain the overall contour of the face. Then, the attention model is used to pick up the parts of face that are more susceptible to expressions. Under the combined effect of these two methods, the image which can be called a local feature map is obtained. After that, the video data are sent to MC-DCN, containing parallel sub-networks. While the overall spatiotemporal characteristics of facial expressions are obtained through the sequence of images, the selection of keys parts can better learn the changes in facial expressions brought about by subtle facial movements. By combining local features and global features, the proposed method can acquire more information, leading to better performance. The experimental results show that MC-DCN can achieve recognition rates of 95%, 78.6% and 78.3% on the three datasets SAVEE, MMI, and edited GEMEP, respectively.

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Facial Mobility after Maxilla-Mandibular Advancement in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Three-Dimensional Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2017/1574304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laura Verzé ◽

Francesca Antonella Bianchi ◽

Niccolò Barla ◽

Serena Maria Curti ◽

Giovanni Gerbino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Facial Movements ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Apnea Syndrome

Introduction. The functional results of surgery in terms of facial mobility are key elements in the treatment of patients. Little is actually known about changes in facial mobility following surgical treatment with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). Objectives. The three-dimensional (3D) methods study of basic facial movements in typical OSAS patients treated with MMA was the topic of the present research. Materials and Methods. Ten patients affected by severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were engaged for the study. Their facial surface data was acquired using a 3D laser scanner one week before (T1) and 12 months after (T2) orthognathic surgery. The facial movements were frowning, grimace, smiling, and lip purse. They were described in terms of surface and landmark displacements (mm). The mean landmark displacement was calculated for right and left sides of the face, at T1 and at T2. Results. One year after surgery, facial movements were similar to presurgical registrations. No modifications of symmetry were present. Conclusions. Despite the skeletal maxilla-mandible expansion, orthognathic surgical treatment (MMA) of OSAS patients does not seem to modify facial mobility. Only an enhancement of amplitude in smiling and knitting brows was observed. These results could have reliable medical and surgical applications.

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Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia and some clinical correlates

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700038496 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 923-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. W. Brown ◽

T. White

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Tardive Dyskinesia ◽

Movement Disorder ◽

Principal Components Analysis ◽

Principal Components ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Facial Movements ◽

Components Analysis

SynopsisSyndromes of dyskinetic movements in subjects (N = 70) with chronic schizophrenia were investigated, using principal components analysis of AIMS ratings. Consonant with previous research, three discrete groupings were found, namely dyskinetic movements of lips-jaw-tongue, limb-truncal and facial movements. These were then related to demographic, psychological and movement disorder variables. The limb-truncal, but neither the lips-jaw-tongue nor facial movements components, were associated with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment.

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