In vitro biomechanical evaluation and comparison of a new prototype locking plate and a limited-contact self compression plate for equine fracture repair

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
D. D. Quinteros ◽  
G. A. Abuja ◽  
M. Tarkanian ◽  
L. S. Maranda ◽  
K. Bubeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locking Plate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Compression Plate ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

SummaryObjective: To determine if the mechanical properties (strength and stiffness) of a new prototype 4.5 mm broad locking plate (NP-LP) are comparable with those of a traditional 4.5 mm broad limited-contact self compression plate (LC-SCP), and to compare the bending and torsional properties of the NP-LP and LCSCP when used in osteotomized equine third metacarpal bones (MC3).Methods: The plates alone were tested in four-point bending single cycle to failure. The MC3-plate constructs were created with middiaphyseal osteotomies with a 1 cm gap. Constructs were tested in four-point bending single cycle to failure, four-point bending cyclic fatigue, and torsion single cycle to failure.Results: There were not any significant differences in bending strength and stiffness found between the two implants. The MC3-NP-LP construct was significantly stiffer than the MC3-LC-SCP in bending. No other biomechanical differences were found in bending, yield load in torsion, or mean composite rigidity. Mean cycles to failure for bending fatigue testing were similar for both constructs.Clinical significance: The NP-LP was comparable to the LC-SCP in intrinsic, as well as structural properties. The NP-LP construct was more rigid than the LC-SCP construct under four-point bending, and both constructs behaved similarly under four-point bending cyclic fatigue testing and torsion single cycle to failure. The new NP-LP implant fixation is biomechanically comparable to the LC-SCP in a simulated MC3 fracture.

Fatigue of Zirconia - Bioglass Dental Ceramics

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Bicalho ◽  
R.C. Souza ◽  
Claudinei dos Santos ◽  
M.J.R. Barboza ◽  
Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dental Ceramics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Four Point Bending

In this work the cyclic fatigue life of 3mol.%Y2O3-stabilized zirconia polycrystalline ceramics, doped with 5%wt 3CaO.P2O5,-SiO2-MgO, has been investigated. Samples with 5 and 10%wt were cold uniaxial pressed (80MPa) and sintered in air at 1200 and 1300oC for 120 minutes. Sintered samples were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Scanning Electronic Microscopy. Hardness and fracture toughness were determined using Vicker’s indentation method, and Modulus of Rupture was determined by four-point bending testing. Furthermore, the cyclic fatigue tests were also realized by four-point bending tests, under frequency of 25 Hz and stress ratio, R, of 0.1, for the best condition. In this condition, highly dense samples were obtained and presented values of hardness, fracture toughness and bending strength of 11.3 ±0.1GPa, 6.1±0.4MPa.m1/2 and 320±55MPa, respectively. The increasing of stress level leads to decreasing of the number of cycles and the number of run-out specimens. The stress induced tetragonal-monoclinic (t-m)-ZrO2 transformation, observed by X-Ray diffraction, contributes to the increasing of the fatigue life. Samples 3Y-TZP presents clearly a range of loading conditions where cyclic fatigue can be detected.

Comparison of double locking plate constructs with single non-locking plate constructs in single cycle to failure in bending and torsion

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Hutcheson ◽  
S. E. Elder ◽  
J. R. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Locking Plate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Torsional Testing ◽  
Bending Loads

SummaryObjective: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of single 3.5 mm broad dynamic compression plate (DCP) and double 3.5 mm String-of-Pearls (SOP) plate constructs in single-cycle bending and torsion. We hypothesized that the double SOP construct would outperform the broad DCP in both bending and torsional testing.Methods: Broad DCP plates and double 3.5 mm SOP plates were secured to a previously validated bone model in an effort to simulate bridging osteosynthesis. Constructs were tested in both four-point bending and torsional testing.Results: The double SOP constructs had significantly greater bending stiffness, bending strength, bending structural stiffness, and torsional stiffness when compared to the broad DCP constructs. The single broad DCP constructs had significantly higher yield torque and yield angles during torsional testing.Clinical relevance: Although the in vitro mechanical performance of the double SOP construct was significantly greater than the single broad DCP constructs under bending loads, the actual differences were small. Various patient, fracture, and implant factors must be considered when choosing an appropriate implant for fracture fixation.

Single cycle to failure in torsion of three standard and five locking plate constructs

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Cabassu ◽  
M. P. Kowaleski ◽  
J. K. Shorinko ◽  
C. A. Blake ◽  
G. R. Gaudette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locking Plate ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Section Modulus ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
String Of Pearls

SummaryObjectives: The biomechanical properties of standard plates and recently designed locking plates were compared in torsion. We hypothesized that titanium (Ti) constructs would have the greatest deformation, and String of Pearls (SOP) constructs the greatest strength and stiffness.Methods: Dynamic compression plates (DCP), stainless steel (SS) limited contact (LC)-DCP, Ti LC-DCP, locking compression plate (LCP), 10 mm and 11 mm Advanced Locking Plate System (ALPS) 10 and 11, SOP and Fixin plates were applied to a validated bone model simulating a bridging osteosynthesis. Yield torque (strength), yield angle (deformation) and stiffness were compared using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey (p <0.05).Results: The ALPS 11 constructs had significantly greater elastic deformation than all constructs except for the ALPS 10. There were not any differences in strength observed except for the ALPS 10 constructs, which was less than that for the SOP, LCP, DCP and ALPS 11 constructs. No differences in construct torsional stiffness were observed with the SS LCDCP, DCP, LCP and SOP constructs however all had greater stiffness than all remaining constructs. The ALPS 10 construct had lower stiffness than all constructs.Clinical significance: Modulus of elasticity of Ti explains the higher deformation and lower stiffness of these systems, with similar results for the Fixin due to its lower section modulus compared to all other plates. The SOP and standard constructs had surprisingly similar biomechanical properties in torsion. The rationale for selecting these implants for fracture repair likely needs to be based upon their differing biomechanical properties inherent to the diverse implant systems.Presented at the 38th Annual Conference of the Veterinary Orthopedic Society, Snowmass, Colorado, USA March 6, 2011.

Bending properties of stainless steel dynamic compression plates and limited contact dynamic compression plates

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Hill ◽  
T. Kageyama ◽  
M. G. Conzemius ◽  
G. K. Smith ◽  
F. M. Little
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Equivalent Bending Stiffness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

SummaryThe equivalent bending stiffness and bending strength of the stainless steel DCP and stainless steel LC-DCP were compared. Three plates, of each size, were tested destructively in ‘four point bending’. All of the LC-DCP were significantly less stiff and less strong than the comparable size DCP, with the exception of the 4.5 mm narrow LC-DCP which was significantly stronger and more stiff than the 4.5 mm narrow DCP (p <.01). The design advantages of the LC-DCP are ease and versatility of plate application and improved cortical blood flow which one assumes promotes fracture healing. Also, the lower recorded stiffness of the LC-DCP may be advantageous in that it decreases the stress protection of the plated bone. Since optimal strength and stiffness of bone plates are currently unknown, the clinical relevance of the decreased strength and stiffness of the LC-DCP has yet to be determined.Stainless steel LC-DCP and DCP of various sizes were tested in four point bending to ascertain equivalent bending stiffness and bending strength of each type of plate. The LC-DCP were consistently less stiff and strong than their DCP counterparts (p <.01) with the exception of the 4.5 mm Narrow LC-DCP which was stronger and more stiff than the 4.5 mm Narrow DCP. In general, as plate size increased. the difference between the two plate designs decreased. If it can be shown that there is not any detrimental effect on fracture healing, the design features of the LC-DCP make it a desirable choice for most fracture applications.

An In Vitro Biomechanical Investigation of Compression Plating with Cable Cerclage for Repair of Oblique Osteotomies in Foal Femurs

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Wilson ◽  
W. L. Carson ◽  
K. G. Keegan ◽  
Rebecca L. Frankeny
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Compression Plate ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Double Plating ◽  
Compression Plating

SummaryLong oblique diaphyseal osteotomies were created in 14 pairs of femurs from cadaver foals less than six months of age. One bone from each pair was repaired using two dynamic compression plates (DP), and the other was repaired using a dynamic compression plate with cable cerclage (CC). Seven pairs were tested in compression and seven pairs in craniolateral-caudomedial (CrL-CdM) three-point bending.A difference was not found in mean (± SD) breaking strength in compression between the DP (7257.19 ± 2004.08 N) and CC (7761.41 ± 2552.91 N) techniques. Nor was there a difference in mean stiffness in compression between the DP (2533.83 ± 1777.38 N/mm) and CC (3177.98 ± 1694.70 N/mm) techniques. There was no difference in mean stiffness in three-point bending between the DP (244.60 ± 60.80 N/mm) and CC (195.50 ± 80.90 N/mm) techniques. The mean bending breaking strength and bending moment for the DP technique (2839.36 ± 199.46 N and 124,932.00 ± 8776.38 N mm) was significantly (P = 0.02) greater than the CC technique (1940.39 ± 732.80 N and 85,377.72 ± 32243.34 N mm).The CC system was inferior to the DP technique in CrL-CdM three-point bending strength and moment, but provided equal bending stiffness and equal compressive strength and stiffness.The use of compression plating with cable cerclage was compared to double plating for repair of long oblique osteotomies in foal femurs. The repairs were tested in compression and 3-point bending. The compression plate with cable cerclage was inferior to double plating in bending strength and moment, but provided equal compressive strength and stiffness.

Biomechanical Properties of the 1.5 mm Locking Compression Plate: Comparison with the 1.5 and 2.0 mm Straight Plates in Compression and Torsion

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Moens ◽  
John Runciman ◽  
Tom Gibson ◽  
Gwyneth Watrous
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Locking Plate ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Locking Compression Plate ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Gap Model ◽  
Radial Fracture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Compression Plate

Objectives The purpose was to compare the biomechanical properties of a 1.5 mm locking compression plate (1.5 LCP) to the 1.5 mm straight plate (1.5 P), 1.5 mm straight plate stacked (1.5 PSt) and 2.0 mm straight plate (2.0 P) in compression and torsion. We hypothesized that biomechanical properties of the 1.5 LCP would be equivalent to properties of the 1.5 P and would represent an alternative for the treatment of radial fractures in miniature breed dogs in which those plates would be used. Materials and Methods A 1 mm fracture gap model was created with a bone surrogate stabilized with a six-hole plate. Sixteen constructs were built for each of the four plate configurations. Eight constructs from each group were tested in compression to failure and eight constructs were tested in torsion to failure. Results In compression testing, the 1.5 LCP was stiffer than the 1.5 P, and had similar stiffness than the 1.5 PSt and the 2.0 P. The load at yield of the 1.5 LCP was slightly lower than the 1.5 P. In torsion, the 1.5 LCP and 1.5 P had similar stiffness, but 1.5 LCP was slightly stronger than 1.5 P. The 1.5 PSt and 2.0 P were overall superior to the 1.5 LCP but only marginally so for the 1.5 PSt. Clinical Relevance The 1.5 LCP can be considered biomechanically equivalent to the 1.5 P under the present experimental conditions. The use of the 1.5 LCP can be considered as an option for radial fracture repair in dogs in which a 1.5 P would have otherwise been used. The use of a locking plate to improve overall success rate, in these fractures, remains to be confirmed clinically.

Mechanical testing of 3.5 mm locking and non-locking bone plates

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DeTora ◽  
K. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Locking Plate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bone Plates ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Orthopaedic Implants ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

SummaryLocking plate technologies are being developed in order to provide the surgeon with advantages over previous bone plate systems (both locking and non-locking). Locking plate systems possess inherent biological advantages in fracture fixation by preserving the periosteal blood supply, serving as internal fixators. It is important to consider the strength of each orthopaedic implant as an important selection criterion while utilizing the reported advantages of locking plate systems to prevent catastrophic fracture failure. Mechanical testing of orthopaedic implants is a common method used to provide a surgeon with insight on mechanical capabilities, as well as to form a standardized method of plate comparison. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and to quantify observed differences in the bending strength between the LCP (Limited Contact Plate), LC-DCP, 3.5 mm Broad LC-DCP (Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate), and SOP (String of Pearls) orthopaedic bone plates. The study design followed the ASTM standard test method for static bending properties of metallic bone plates, which is designed to measure mechanical properties of bone plates subjected to bending, the most common loading encountered in vivo. Single cycle four point bending was performed on each orthopaedic implant. The area moment of inertia, bending stiffness, bending strength, and bending structural stiffness were calculated for each implant. The results of this study demonstrated significant differences (p<0.001) in bending strength and stiffness between the four orthopaedic implants (3.5 Broad LC-DCP>SOP>LCP=LC-DCP). The 3.5 mm LCP should be expected to provide in vivo strength and stiffness similar to a comparable LC-DCP. The SOP should provide strength and stiffness that is greater than a comparable LC-DCP but less than a 3.5 mm Broad LC-DCP.

Single cycle to failure in bending of three titanium polyaxial locking plates

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Filippo Maria Martini ◽  
Andrea Bonardi ◽  
Filippo Lusetti ◽  
Anna de Belesini ◽  
Gianni Nicoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Locking Plate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Locking Plates ◽  
Structural Stiffness ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Reconstruction Plate ◽  
Bending Properties

SummaryObjective: Evaluation of the bending properties in one direction of three titanium polyaxial locking plate systems.Materials and methods: The Polyaxial Advanced Locking System (PAX®) straight plate (PAX SP), the PAX® reconstruction plate (PAX RP), and the VetLOX reconstruction plates (VetLOX) were evaluated individually and as constructs applied to a bone model simulating a fracture gap and compared using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey posthoc analysis.Results: The PAX SP had the highest values of bending stiffness, bending structural stiffness and bending strength. When tested as plates alone, the PAX RP and VetLOX showed no differences with regard to bending stiffness and bending structural stiffness, whilst the PAX RP had significantly higher strength. The PAX RP construct had significantly higher bending stiffness, bending structural stiffness and bending strength than the VetLOX construct.Clinical relevance: The PAX RP and VetLOX reconstruction plates are much more likely to fail when used as bridging implants, thus adjunct support is needed. The lower bending strength of the VetLOX reconstruction plates suggests it should not be used in fractures under high loads.

Mechanical Behaviour of ZrO2-Bioglass Dental Ceramics under Cyclic Fatigue Loading

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Bicalho ◽  
Claudinei dos Santos ◽  
R.C. Souza ◽  
M.R.J. Barboza ◽  
Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dental Ceramics ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Number Of Cycles

The cyclic fatigue life of 3mol%Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (3Y-TZP) ceramics doped with bioactive glass has been investigated. Samples of 3Y-TZP containing 3 or 5wt% of bioglass were sintered at 1300oC for 120 minutes. Sintered samples were characterized by relative density, XRD and SEM analysis. Mechanical properties of hardness and fracture toughness were determined using Vickers indentation method and Modulus of Rupture was determined by four-point bending testing. Furthermore, the reliability of the samples was estimated using Weibull statistic analysis. The cyclic fatigue life was estimated using four-point bending testing under frequency of 25Hz and stress ratio, R, of 0.1. Highly dense tetragonal ZrO2 samples were obtained after sintering and presented hardness of 10.5 and 11GPa, KIC of 6 and 7MPam1/2, bending strength of 320 and 450MPa and Weibull’ modulus of 6 and 7 for samples containing 5 or 3% of bioglass respectively. The fatigue behavior indicates that the increasing of stress level leads to decreasing of the number of cycles and the number of run-out specimens. Fatigue behavior was similar for the two compositions tested. Samples containing 3% of bioglass are more resistant (near 10%) to fatigue presenting cyclic fatigue life near to 250MPa while samples with 5% presented fatigue limit near to 220MPa.

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