404 Background: Cancer-associated inflammation, in the form of systemic and local inflammation, and tumour necrosis are known to have prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition, recent work has reported a direct relationship between the systemic inflammatory response and loss of skeletal muscle in patients with CRC. However, the inter-relationships between these inflammatory responses, tumour necrosis, metabolic upset and circulating biochemical mediators are unclear in CRC. Interleukin-6 and its downstream signalling cascades have been implicated in both cancer-associated inflammation and cancer-associated muscle wasting. The aim of the present study was to examine whether circulating IL-6 concentrations may link tumour necrosis, local and systemic inflammatory responses, and metabolic upset in patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer. Methods: The study included 118 patients undergoing surgery for CRC between 2004 and 2009. Data were collected from pre-operative blood tests. Routine pathology specimens were scored for Klintrup criteria and tumour necrosis. Results: Tumour necrosis was associated with increased T-stage (p<0.01), reduced inflammatory cell infiltrate (p<0.05), increased IL-6 (p<0.001), IL-10 (p<0.01), and VEGF (p<0.001) and with markers of the systemic inflammatory response: mGPS (p<0.001), anaemia (p<0.05); increased white cell (p<0.001), neutrophil (p<0.05) and platelet (p<0.001) counts. Circulating IL-6 was associated with increased IL-10 (p<0.01), VEGF (p<0.001), increased mGPS (p<0.001), increased white cell (p<0.01) and platelet (p<0.01) counts and low skeletal muscle index (p<0.01). On Spearman rank correlation there were significant associations between circulating concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 (rs= 0.39, p<0.001) and CRP (r= 0.42, p<0.001). Conclusions: Interleukin-6 appears to be associated with systemic inflammation, tumour necrosis, and sarcopenia in colorectal cancer. However, the lack of an association between IL-6 and the local inflammatory response suggests a more complex relationship with the tumour inflammatory cell infiltrate.
The type of interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate and the severity of glomerular injury; an underestimated morphologic correlation
