scholarly journals Biomechanics of running: An overview on gait cycle

Author(s):  
Ekta Kapri ◽  
Manju Mehta ◽  
Kiran S

This review article summarized the literature regarding running gait. It describes characteristics of running gait and running gait cycle, explains running anatomy in relation to lower and upper body mechanism; contribution of muscles, and joint running gait cycle. The concept of running kinematics and kinetics has described motion characteristics such as position, velocity, acceleration, and force applied during the running cycle. Running gait analysis techniques has discussed such as motion analysis, force plate analysis, and electromyography.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256011
Author(s):  
Giovanni Della Valle ◽  
Chiara Caterino ◽  
Federica Aragosa ◽  
Fabiana Micieli ◽  
Dario Costanza ◽  
...  

Introduction Cranial cruciate ligament failure is one of the principal causes of canine lameness. Several surgical procedures were proposed to achieve joint stabilisation; among these, the Modified Maquet Procedure involves using a titanium foam wedge to achieve and maintain the tibial tuberosity advancement. The force-plate analysis provides to objectively assess normal and abnormal gait and the outcome of different surgical techniques. The study evaluates the outcome of limbs that underwent Modified Maquet Procedure using land-force plate analysis comparing the operated limb with its healthy contralateral one as a control. Materials and methods Thirty-five dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture were evaluated. Outcome after surgery was assessed by orthopaedic and radiographic evaluations and force plate gait analysis performed before surgery, at 15, 30 and 90 days after surgery. For objective comparison of ground reaction forces, data of operated limb were compared to contralateral limb on each time control and Symmetry Index at 90 days was determined. Healing radiographic signs, minor and major complication were reported. Results A significant improvement in ground reaction forces was reached in all the treated limbs between set time intervals. The median percentage increase in ground reaction forces was constant from 15 to 90 days, with a Symmetry Index >9 in 54.2% of patients suggesting a normal gait symmetry. A complete bone healing was noticed at 90 days follow-up radiographic assessment. We experienced three major (8.5%) and one minor (2.8%) complications. Conclusions To the Authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in the veterinary literature that assessed outcomes of dogs undergoing Modified Maquet Procedure for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture using force plate gait analysis and healthy contralateral limb as a control group. Our results confirm that Modified Maquet Procedure is an effective method to stabilise the stifle joint.


1987 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meemong Lee ◽  
Wei-Liang Yang

The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have been used to study sea ice with respect to its motion and formation/deformation. With the prospect of the Alaska SAR Facility development in the near future, there is a great need for robust and efficient sea-ice analysis techniques. This paper presents a sea-ice motion analysis technique that can be used for (1) local motion analysis of a selected ice patch and (2) a global ice motion over the entire image area. Though there are several sea-ice motion tracking techniques, they do not provide the required operational speed or robustness. In order to meet the operational speed requirement (over fifty images per day), we have developed a sea-ice motion analysis technique which requires very little human interaction and much simplified computation. The proposed technique uses a subset of easily distinguishable features to predict global motion characteristics and apply template matching over a predicted search area. We applied the developed technique to two pairs of SEASAT SAR images, one pair with a minor motion of “ice pack” and another with a larger and discontinuous motion of “fast ice”. The two major achievements of the new approach are: first, development of a set of computer-aided tools for feature selection and registration and, secondly, implementation of an optimal search strategy for automatic template matching via a motion prediction model.


2002 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARUHIKO SATO ◽  
PAUL D. ANDREW

A preliminary model is presented for estimating floor reaction forces during human walking based only on kinematic data. Such a model would be useful for supplementing purely qualitative gait analysis performed in clinics where force plates would be an unaffordable luxury, but not for situations in which quantitative data would be used in making such decisions as how to perform an orthopedic surgery. In this model, the vertical components of floor reaction forces are determined by conventional double differentiation of kinematic data, but the horizontal (fore-aft) components are based instead on constraints in which the floor reaction forces are characterized as acting through the center of mass of the upper body. To assess the accuracy of our calculations, we gathered data of gait by a healthy 22-year-old woman using a motion analysis system with force plates. Pathological gait data were also examined. Joint moments were computed from both force plate data and from our estimates of floor reaction forces. Prediction of vertical force showed higher reliability than prediction of fore-aft force. Joint moments from kinematics were successfully calculated in normal gait, but not in pathological gait, especially at the hip joint. The proposed approach may have some merit for performing a gait analysis even when no force plate is present, but the inaccuracy increases in the case of a subject whose upper body sways during gait.


1987 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meemong Lee ◽  
Wei-Liang Yang

The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have been used to study sea ice with respect to its motion and formation/deformation. With the prospect of the Alaska SAR Facility development in the near future, there is a great need for robust and efficient sea-ice analysis techniques. This paper presents a sea-ice motion analysis technique that can be used for (1) local motion analysis of a selected ice patch and (2) a global ice motion over the entire image area. Though there are several sea-ice motion tracking techniques, they do not provide the required operational speed or robustness. In order to meet the operational speed requirement (over fifty images per day), we have developed a sea-ice motion analysis technique which requires very little human interaction and much simplified computation. The proposed technique uses a subset of easily distinguishable features to predict global motion characteristics and apply template matching over a predicted search area. We applied the developed technique to two pairs of SEASAT SAR images, one pair with a minor motion of “ice pack” and another with a larger and discontinuous motion of “fast ice”. The two major achievements of the new approach are: first, development of a set of computer-aided tools for feature selection and registration and, secondly, implementation of an optimal search strategy for automatic template matching via a motion prediction model.


1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne R. Cockshutt ◽  
H. Dobson ◽  
C. W. Miller ◽  
D. L. Holmberg ◽  
Connie L. Taves ◽  
...  

SummaryA retrospective case series study was done to determine the long-term outcome of operations upon dogs treated for canine hip dysplasia by means of a triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO). Twentyfour dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia, that received a unilateral TPO between January 1988 and June 1995, were re-examined at the Ontario Veterinary College. The assessment included physical, orthopedic and lameness examinations, standard blood work, pelvic radiographs and force plate gait analysis. They were compared to bilaterally dysplastic dogs that had not been treated, and also to normal dogs. Force plate data analysis demonstrated a significant increase in peak vertical force (PVF) and mean vertical force over stance (MVF) in the limb that underwent surgical correction by means of a TPO, when compared to the unoperated hip. It was determined that performing a unilateral TPO on a young dysplastic dog resulted in greater forces and weight bearing being projected through the TPO corrected limb when compared to the unoperated limb.Dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia treated with a unilateral triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) were assessed by force plate gait analysis, radiographs and orthopedic examination. There was a significant increase in hip Norberg angles over time, although degenerative changes did progress. Limbs that had been operated upon had significantly greater peak and mean ground reaction forces than limbs that had not received an operation.


Author(s):  
Stian Langgård Jørgensen ◽  
Jens Bojsen‐Møller ◽  
Thue Skalgard ◽  
Henrik B Olsen ◽  
Per Aagaard

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se won Yoon ◽  
Jeong woo Lee ◽  
Soo ji Park ◽  
Woong sik Park ◽  
Moon jeong Kim

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Foss ◽  
R.C. da Costa ◽  
P.J. Rajala-Shultz ◽  
M.J. Allen

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Ola K. Svensson ◽  
Lars Weidenhielm ◽  
Lars-Åke Broström ◽  
Jan Ekholm

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Messenger ◽  
P Bowker

This paper reports the results of a survey carried out to assess the clinical usage currently being made of gait analysis facilities within the UK. Thirty-five centres were circulated with a questionnaire which requested information under four main headings: (i) equipment, (ii) research projects, (iii) clinical service commitments, and (iv) subjective views of the ultimate clinical value of the service. Of the 25 completed questionnaires returned, 16 were suitable for inclusion in the final analysis of data. The survey provided useful data on the equipment and facilities available in each centre together with details of the service available to prospective referring clinicians. Ten centres were considered as being currently involved in some clinical work, with six of these being routinely involved. The respondents generally felt that gait analysis techniques have a clinical context, if not yet routinely, but the numbers of referrals to the centres is still quite small. A number of areas worthy of further work were identified by the respondents. It is hoped that presentation of these results will stimulate dialogue between centres and between clinicians and bioengineers.


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