scholarly journals THE OLENEKIAN-ANISIAN/EARLY-MIDDLE TRIASSIC BOUNDARY, AND ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF CONODONTS FOR CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CALIBRATION OF THE TRIASSIC TIMESCALE

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-51
Author(s):  
EUGEN GRADINARU
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Western Usa ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

The conodont Chiosella timorensis (Nogami, 1968) has for a long time been considered to be a suitable biotic proxy for the Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary. The recently acquired ammonoid record around that boundary clearly shows that the FAD of this conodont is located well below the boundary, i.e., in the late Spathian. In the present paper, it is underlined that the conodont Chiosella timorensis was promoted as a proxy for the nominated boundary in the early 1980s when the ammonoid record around the boundary was not yet well established. On the other side, until the mid 1990s the taxonomic definition and the lineage of the conodont Chiosella timorensis were not well stated, and even now there are still controversial interpretations of the taxonomic content of this conodont species. The new data achieved from the ammonoid/conodont record around the nominated boundary, especially in the western USA, and also in the Deşli Caira section in Romania, firmly demonstrate that the conodont Chiosella timorensis is a defunct proxy for the Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary. As a consequence, the present data on the ammonoid-documented Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary requires the recalibration of all physical events that have been tied to the FAD of the conodont Chiosella timorensis. The case of the Albanian Kçira-section, for which the chronostratigraphic interpretation of the ammonoid record is proved incorrect, definitely makes the conodont Chiosella timorensis a defunct proxy for the nominated boundary. Also, the case of the two Chinese sections recently proposed as being “exceptional” GSSP candidates for the Early-Middle Triassic boundary, which is based on an inconsistent ammonoid/conodont biochronology, fully strengthens this conclusion. The history of the controversial usage of the conodont species Chiosella timorensis in defining the Olenekian-Anisian boundary justifies a discussion about the usefulness of conodonts in the chronostratigraphic calibration of the standard Triassic timescale. One may conclude that the conodonts are not qualified, and have not a reasonable potential, to be used to define or to redefine the boundaries of chronostratigraphic units in the standard Triassic timescale, which have been basically defined on ammonoid biochronology.

scholarly journals An Eco-poetic Approach to Architecture Across Boundaries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Body Problem ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Art ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Asian Philosophy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

As highlighted by the post-Cartesian discourse across philosophical schools, Western thought had been struggling for a long time with conceiving interconnectedness. The problematic of Western dualism is most apparent with the so-called mind-body problem, but the issue does not only relate to the separation of body and mind but also the separation of living beings from their environments. Asian philosophy, on the other hand, has had a long history of thinking relations. The paper argues that an architectural philosophy that is open for a dialogue with Asian views would allow for a new approach to conceptualising the interconnectedness of minds, bodies, environments, and cultures. Linking Asian and Western aesthetics with a discourse on ecology, and setting it into dialogue with contemporary theories of architecture, the paper also refers torecent research on embodiment that is engaging from a new point of view with the natural sciences, and that appears to confirm positions of traditional Chinese philosophy. Reconsidering traditional Chinese art and aesthetics, the paper suggests, could initiate a new eco-poetic way of thinking the built environment and its design in favour of a future that is more than smart.

scholarly journals Theorising Order in the Shadow of War. The Politics of International Legal Knowledge and the Justification of Force in Modernity

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 218-245
Author(s):  
Hendrik Simon
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
Modern War ◽  
War Discourse

Abstract The History of International Law lacks systematic studies on the link between legal scholars and practices of justifying war. This missing analytical link has for a long time given the impression that legal scholars describe ‘state practice’ in an ‘objective’, unpolitical way. Contradicting this impression, the article turns to the politics of legal scholars in the genesis of the modern war discourse. It reflects on the fateful entanglement of violence, law and politics, but nevertheless distinguishes between ‘objective’ and ‘political’ scholarship on the basis of Hans Kelsen’s work. Furthermore, the article illustrates the politicisability of legal scholars in selected historical cases of the ‘long 19th century’ (1789–1918). In all cases, two hearts pounded in lawyers’ chests: one scientific, the other political. As will be shown, the modern war discourse is shaped by a phenomenon that enables scholars to expand the intrinsic limits to the political instrumentalisation of law: ‘multi-normativity’.

The heart as an image of deification in mystical writing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Kučerková
Keyword(s):  
Mystical Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
God's Love ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theological Concept

The paper explores two phenomena powerful in life and interpretive terms: the heart and deification. One is understood as deeply human, the other as metaphysically appealing. It is a connection present in the history of Christian thinking for a long time, since the heart is perceived as an inner space where God meets man, in the most intimate form, which can only acquire the character of unification. Deification, as the experience of Christian mystics and mystics shows, basically means the deepest unification with God and activation of the change in God’s love. The issue examined in the paper is presented in the form of a brief guide to the theological concept of deification, and also the convergence of the historical and biblical views of the heart. The core of thinking about the topic is the interpretation of the heart as an inner image the (heart as the center, exchange of hearts) and the interpretation of the phenomenality of deification in the context of written mystical experience.

scholarly journals IV. On the structure of the red blood-corpuscle of oviparous vertebrata

1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 346-350
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Corpuscle ◽  
Fundamental Distinction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

The red blood-cell has been perhaps more frequently and fully examined than any other animal structure; certainly none has evoked such various and even contradictory opinions of its nature. But without attempting here any history of these, it may be shortly said that amongst the conclusions now, and for a long time past, generally accepted, a chief one is that a fundamental distinction exists between the red corpuscle of Mammalia and that of the other vertebrate classes—that the red cell of the oviparous vertebrata possesses a nucleus which is not to be found in the corpuscle of the other class. This great distinction between the classes has of late years been over and over again laid down in the strongest and most unqualified terms. But I venture to ask for a still further examination of this important subject.

Permian–Triassic land-plant diversity in South China: Was there a mass extinction at the Permian/Triassic boundary?

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conghui Xiong ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary ◽  
Diversity Dynamics ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

Diversity dynamics of the Permian–Triassic land plants in South China are studied by analyzing paleobotanical data. Our results indicate that the total diversity of land-plant megafossil genera and species across the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB) of South China underwent a progressive decline from the early Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) to the Early-Middle Triassic. In contrast, the diversity of land-plant microfossil genera exhibited only a small fluctuation across the PTB of South China, showing an increase at the PTB. Overall, land plants across the PTB of South China show a greater stability in diversity dynamics than marine faunas. The highest extinction rate (90.91%) and the lowest origination rate (18.18%) of land-plant megafossil genera occurred at the early Early Triassic (Induan), but the temporal duration of the higher genus extinction rates (>60%) in land plants was about 23.4 Myr, from the Wuchiapingian to the early Middle Triassic (Anisian), which is longer than that of the coeval marine faunas (3–11 Myr). Moreover, the change of genus turnover rates in land-plant megafossils steadily fluctuated from the late Early Permian to the Late Triassic. More stable diversity and turnover rate as well as longer extinction duration suggest that land plants near the PTB of South China may have been involved in a gradual floral reorganization and evolutionary replacement rather than a mass extinction like those in the coeval marine faunas.

scholarly journals Analisis Historis terhadap Corak Kesenian Islam Nusantara

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nurrohim Nurrohim ◽  
Fitri Sari Setyorini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Combination Of Theories ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Characteristics

The history of Islamic development in Indonesia has different characteristics compared to other Islamic regions such as Turkey, India, Egypt, Syria, and Morocco. The journey of Islam in Indonesia brings different colors and patterns that distinguish it from other Islamic regions. This happens because Islam is spreaded in the archipelago peacefully and in a gradual long time, unlike the other Islamic regions islamization which is not infrequently through the power of the armed forces. This article will explain the results of Islamic interaction with society who previously embraced Hinduism, Buddhism and animist beliefs dynamism in the form of Islamic Nusantara arts. The analytical method used in this paper is a combination of theories of acculturation and assimilation of Nusantara culture and Islamic culture. The combination of Nusantara culture and Islamic culture produces an Islamic art with the uniqueness of Nusantara without eliminating the elements of the old culture. The form of pre-Islamic Nusantara cultural heritage with the Islamic culture can be found in the architecture of mosques, Arabic Malay script, literary arts, painting and sculpture.

scholarly journals Another Look at the Water Phases that Exist Under Room Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Яхно
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structure Of Water ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

A brief review of the history of the problem is intended to trace the progress in the development of scientific views on the structure of water. The discoveries in this area made in the first half of the last century are considered in comparison with modern data. It is shown that due to the de facto ban on the study of the structure of water in 1971, work in this direction was frozen for a long time. The paradox is that many forgotten truths have been independently "rediscovered" in our time, which speaks of their authenticity. On the basis of scientific literature and their own research, the authors come to the conclusion that water under room conditions is a microdispersed system, one phase of which is represented by continuous water, and the other - by polywater, discovered in the 70s of the last century.

scholarly journals Dzieciństwo w mieście na ziemiach polskich w XVI–XVIII wieku – możliwości źródłowe i perspektywy badawcze

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Dorota Żołądź-Strzelczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

The issues of a child and childhood in the Polish territories have been neglected by historians for a long time. One of the reasons for this situation was the lack of appropriate sources for such studies. On one hand, the sources for analysing the history of childhood are relatively scarce; on the other hand, the sources that exist do not often provide much information. Thus, in order to reconstruct the functioning of a child in those times a researcher must confront numerous sources concerning various aspects of town life. The sources include the legal sources (statutes, constitutions) as well as court, iconographic, school, personal/private, statistical, archeological and material sources. Their diversity and informative value depends on the size and wealth of a particular town. Bigger and more affluent cities produced more sources but they also did more for children, especially those who found themselves in a difficult situation – abandoned, orphaned or harmed.

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