scholarly journals IV. On the structure of the red blood-corpuscle of oviparous vertebrata

1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 346-350
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Corpuscle ◽  
Fundamental Distinction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

The red blood-cell has been perhaps more frequently and fully examined than any other animal structure; certainly none has evoked such various and even contradictory opinions of its nature. But without attempting here any history of these, it may be shortly said that amongst the conclusions now, and for a long time past, generally accepted, a chief one is that a fundamental distinction exists between the red corpuscle of Mammalia and that of the other vertebrate classes—that the red cell of the oviparous vertebrata possesses a nucleus which is not to be found in the corpuscle of the other class. This great distinction between the classes has of late years been over and over again laid down in the strongest and most unqualified terms. But I venture to ask for a still further examination of this important subject.

Changes in alanine and glutamine transport during rat red blood cell maturation

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Felipe ◽  
Octavi Viñas ◽  
Xavier Remesar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Alanine Transport ◽  
Glutamine Transport

Alanine and glutamine transport have been studied during red blood cell maturation in the rat. Kinetic parameters of Na+-dependent L-alanine transport were: Km 0.43 and 1.88 mM and Vmax 158 and 45 nmoles/ml ICW/min for reticulocytes and erythrocytes, respectively. During red cell maturation in the rat there is a loss of capacity and affinity of the system ASC for L-alanine transport. The values for Na+-dependent L-glutamine transport in reticulocytes were Km 0.51 mM and Vmax 157 nmoles/ml ICW/min. On the other hand, a total loss of L-glutamine transport mediated by both N and ASC systems is demonstrated in mature red cells. This seems to indicate that during rat red cell maturation the system N disappears. Furthermore, the system ASC specificity in mature cells changes, and glutamine enters the red cell by non-mediated diffusion processes.

Effect of Low-Osmolality Contrast Media on Red Cell Filterability

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
H. Imai ◽  
H. Hiruma ◽  
T. Kumazaki ◽  
N. Uyesaka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Osmotic Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negligible Influence

The effects of low-osmolality contrast media (CM) on red blood cell (RBC) filterability were investigated using a recently developed nickel mesh filtration method. The conventional hypertonic CM iothalamate, low-osmolality iohexol, and the recently synthesized iomeprol were studied. Among them, the osmolality of iomeprol was the lowest. The impact of CM osmolality, viscosity, and iodine content on the RBC filterability was analyzed. Under equal iodine content or viscosity condition, the filterability order of RBCs suspended in CM was iomeprol > iohexol ≫ iothalamate, because of the osmolality of CM. Iomeprol caused small echinocytic changes but these had a negligible influence on RBC filterability. In conclusion, the osmotic effect of CM on RBC filterability is more predominant than the other CM effects, and iomeprol is the preferred CM for RBC filterability.

scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization in Sickle Cell Disease: Advantage of Ethnic Heritage between Donors and Patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S157-S157
Author(s):  
F Anwar ◽  
M Almohammadi ◽  
A Garni ◽  
S Jamallail ◽  
W Alsamkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
K Antigen

Abstract Introduction/Objective Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is frequently required for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Development of alloantibodies in these patients complicates the blood bank process needed to identify these antibodies and to find compatible RBC units. The rate of alloimmunization has been reported as high as 47% in one study and 34.2% in another study from Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence and rate of RBC alloimmunization in the Saudi population in the Western region in SCD. Methods/Case Report A retrospective analysis of the immunohematological and transfusion history of a total of 161 SCD patients was reviewed, of which there 95 males and 66 females. All patients had erythrocytapheresis, ranging from one to 24 full red cell exchange sessions. A total of 490 red cell exchanges were performed and 4,914 units of blood were used. Extended compatibility to RhCcEe and K antigen was performed. Patient who developed alloimmunization to any of RhCcEe and K antigen were matched for Kidd, Duffy and MSN antigens for subsequent RBC requirements. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) The RBC alloimmunization incidence was 18% with a rate of 0.6 antibodies per 100 RBC transfusions. Alloimmunization in females was significantly higher than in the patients. Eighteen (11.2%) female patients demonstrated antibodies as compared to eleven (6.8%) male patients. Twelve patients (7.4%) had a history of at least one alloantibody and 17 (10.6%) had more than one. Antibodies found were directed against E (7.4%), K (5.6%), and D, C, c, S, M, Lea, Jk a, Chido/Rodgers, Fy a. Seven (4.3%) patients also had warm autoantibodies. Conclusion RBC alloimmunization incidence and rate in our study was lower to those reported in less heterogeneous population of donors and patients. Nonetheless, RBC alloimmunization still occurs in patients with SCD, often due to Rh variants or lack of consistency in the application of prophylactic antigen matching between institutions. Therefore, we believe that this rate can still be further reduced if all centers in the region establish transfusion programs to include at least RhCcEe and K phenotypic compatibility and communication mechanisms between major treating centers and transfusion centers in smaller cities to minimize the risks of exposing the patient to different RhCcEe and K phenotype and of developing RBC alloimmunization.

scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Olivier Peyrony ◽  
Danaé Gamelon ◽  
Romain Brune ◽  
Anthony Chauvin ◽  
Daniel Aiham Ghazali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Bleeding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rbc Transfusion

Background: We aimed to describe red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in the emergency department (ED) with a particular focus on the hemoglobin (Hb) level thresholds that are used in this setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 12 EDs including all adult patients that received RBC transfusion in January and February 2018. Descriptive statistics were reported. Logistic regression was performed to assess variables that were independently associated with a pre-transfusion Hb level ≥ 8 g/dL. Results: During the study period, 529 patients received RBC transfusion. The median age was 74 (59–85) years. The patients had a history of cancer or hematological disease in 185 (35.2%) cases. Acute bleeding was observed in the ED for 242 (44.7%) patients, among which 145 (59.9%) were gastrointestinal. Anemia was chronic in 191 (40.2%) cases, mostly due to vitamin or iron deficiency or to malignancy with transfusion support. Pre-transfusion Hb level was 6.9 (6.0–7.8) g/dL. The transfusion motive was not notified in the medical chart in 206 (38.9%) cases. In the multivariable logistic regression, variables that were associated with a higher pre-transfusion Hb level (≥8 g/dL) were a history of coronary artery disease (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.29–3.41), the presence of acute bleeding (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.53–3.94), and older age (OR: 1.02/year; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04). Conclusion: RBC transfusion in the ED was an everyday concern and involved patients with heterogeneous medical situations and severity. Pre-transfusion Hb level was rather restrictive. Almost half of transfusions were provided because of acute bleeding which was associated with a higher Hb threshold.

Advantages of Larger Volume, Less Frequent Intrauterine Red Blood Cell Transfusions for Maternal Red Cell Alloimmunization

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Inglis ◽  
Andrzej Lysikiewicz ◽  
Amy Sonnenblick ◽  
Jane Streltzoff ◽  
James Bussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusions

Footstrike is the major cause of hemolysis during running

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Telford ◽  
G. J. Sly ◽  
A. G. Hahn ◽  
R. B. Cunningham ◽  
C. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Free Hemoglobin ◽  
Serum Haptoglobin ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Exercise Induced

There is a wide body of literature reporting red cell hemolysis as occurring after various forms of exercise. Whereas the trauma associated with footstrike is thought to be the major cause of hemolysis after running, its significance compared with hemolysis that results from other circulatory stresses on the red blood cell has not been thoroughly addressed. To investigate the significance of footstrike, we measured the degree of hemolysis after 1 h of running. To control for the potential effects of oxidative and circulatory stresses on the red blood cell, the same subjects cycled for 1 h at equivalent oxygen uptake. Our subjects were 10 male triathletes, who each completed two separate 1-h sessions of running and cycling at 75% peak oxygen uptake, which were performed in random order 1 wk apart. Plasma free hemoglobin and serum haptoglobin concentrations were measured as indicators of hemolysis. We also measured methemoglobin as a percentage of total hemoglobin immediately postexercise as an indicator of red cell oxidative stress. Plasma free hemoglobin increased after both running ( P < 0.01) and cycling ( P < 0.01), but the increase was fourfold greater after running ( P < 0.01). This was reflected by a significant fall in haptoglobin 1 h after the running trials, whereas no significant changes occurred after cycling at any sample point. Methemoglobin increased twofold after both running and cycling ( P < 0.01), with no significant differences between modes of exercise. The present data indicate that, whereas general circulatory trauma to the red blood cells associated with 1 h of exercise at 75% maximal oxygen uptake may result in some exercise-induced hemolysis, footstrike is the major contributor to hemolysis during running.

Red blood cell Na content, Na, Li-countertransport, family history of hypertension and blood pressure in school children

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Trevisan ◽  
Pasquale Strazzullo ◽  
Francesco Paolo Cappuccio ◽  
Michele Roberto Di Muro ◽  
Stefano De Colle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
School Children ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

7. Epilogue: the future of blood

2016 ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Chris Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusions

For a long time, synthetic biologists have attempted to manufacture an artificial, easily stored and transported, blood substitute that does not require blood typing, is long lasting, and can be guaranteed pathogen free. Three different methods have been attempted to replace red blood cell transfusions: the use of perfluorocarbons, inert chemicals that, in liquid form, can dissolve gases without reacting with them; creating a haemoglobin-based blood substitute—but despite almost a billion dollars of research and development there is not one in general use today; and growing artificial red blood cells using stem cell technology—but doing this safely, reproducibly, and in large amounts is a huge bioengineering challenge.

scholarly journals Increased Ca++, Mg++, and Na+ + K+ ATPase activities in erythrocytes of sickle cell anemia

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Luthra ◽  
DA Sears
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Red Cell

Abstract To determine whether diminished activity of the Ca++ extrusion pump could account for the high levels of red blood cell (RBC) Ca++ in sickle cell anemia (SS), we measured calmodulin-sensitive Ca++ ATPase activity in normal and SS RBC. Hemolysates prepared with saponin were compared, since such preparations expressed maximum ATPase activities, exceeding isolated membranes or reconstituted systems of membranes plus cytosol, SS RBC hemolysates had greater Ca++ ATPase activity than normal hemolysates; they exhibited higher Mg++ and Na+ + K+ ATPase activities as well. Assays on density (age) fractions of SS and normal red cells demonstrated that all ATPase activities were highest in low density (young) cells, and activities in SS red cells exceeded those in normals in all fractions studied. Thus, when studied under conditions that maximize enzyme activity, Ca++ ATPase activity, like Mg++ and Na+ + K+ ATPase, is actually increased in SS RBC, probably due to the young red cell population present. The elevated Ca++ levels in these cells are more likely due to an increased Ca++ leak or abnormal calcium binding than to defective extrusion by the ATPase pump.

scholarly journals Molecular Modelling of Human Red Blood Cell Pyruvate Kinase: Structural Implications of a Novel G1091 to A Mutation Causing Severe Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 4987-4995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter W. van Solinge ◽  
Rob J. Kraaijenhagen ◽  
Gert Rijksen ◽  
Richard van Wijk ◽  
Bjarne B. Stoffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Molecular Modelling ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salt Bridges ◽  
Compound Heterozygotes ◽  
Allosteric Properties

Abstract We present a novel G1091 to A mutation in the human liver and red blood cell (RBC) pyruvate kinase (PK) gene causing severe hemolytic anemia. In two families, three children were severely PK-deficient compound heterozygotes exhibiting the G1091 to A mutation and a common G1529 to A mutation on the other allele. In one family, the mother, a G1091 to A heterozygote, later had a second baby with a new husband, also a G1091 to A carrier. The baby was homozygous for the G1091 to A mutation and died 6 weeks after birth from severe hemolysis. Both mutant alleles were expressed at the RNA level. The G1091 to A mutation results in the substitution of a conserved glycine by an aspartate in domain A of RBC PK, whereas the G1529 to A mutation leads to the substitution of a conserved arginine residue with glutamine in the C-domain. Molecular modelling of human RBC PK, based on the crystal structure of cat muscle PK, shows that both mutations are located outside the catalytic site at the interface of domains A and C. The mutations are likely to disrupt the critical conformation of the interface by introducing alternative salt bridges. In this way the Gly364 to Asp and Arg510 to Gln substitutions may cause PK deficiency by influencing the allosteric properties of the enzyme.

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