scholarly journals The assessment of resistance of the acarocomplex formed on apple tree against the background of pesticide treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Н.В. Алейникова ◽  
Т.С. Рыбарева ◽  
Л.П. Ягодинская
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Amblyseius Andersoni ◽  
Phytophagous Mites

Клещи-фитофаги ежегодно наносят существенный вред промышленным плодовым культурам, наиболее повреждаемой из них является яблоня. Многократное применение химических препаратов в защите от вредителей не только оказывает пестицидный прессинг на агроценоз, но и нарушает экосистему плодовых насаждений, что проявляется в смене одних видов другими, влияет на биоразнообразие, снижает численность полезных членистоногих и приводит к появлению резистентных к пестицидам рас клещей. Целью исследований являлась разработка и испытание системы защиты интенсивных яблоневых садов Красногвардейского и Нижнегорского районов Республики Крым от клещей сем. Tetranychidae - боярышникового Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), красного плодового Panonychus ulmi (Koch) с помощью хищных клещей-фитосейид Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) и Amblyseius andersoni (Chant). Производственные испытания системы проводились в 2019-2020 гг. на участках, где в 2015-2018 гг. был сформирован акарокомплекс методами наводнения и сезонной колонизации. После формирования акарокомплекса была проведена оценка его устойчивости к токсическому действию применяемых в хозяйствах средств защиты растений. Исследованиями установлено, что сформированный в течение трех лет акарокомплекс хищных клещей позволил снизить численность диапаузирующих самок A. viennensis на 87 % и плотность популяции вредителей в летний период, предотвратить вспышку численности фитофагов в весенний период 2019-2020 гг. Доказано, что препарат из класса пиретроидов с действующим веществом тау-флювалинат снижает численность хищников на 99 %. Частичное восстановление плотности популяции за счет миграции аборигенных видов хищников наблюдалось через 2-3 месяца. Вспышка численности клещей-фитофагов на участках, где был сформирован акарокомплекс хищных клещей, происходит из-за применения токсичных для них препаратов и появления резистентных к акарицидам рас клещей-фитофагов. Phytophagous mites annually cause significant damage to commercial fruit crops, the most damaged of which is the apple tree. Repeated use of chemical preparations in protection against pests does not only exert pesticide pressure on agrocenosis, but also affects the ecosystem of fruit plantings, replacing one species with others, influencing biodiversity, reducing the number of helpful arthropods and causing the emergence of pesticide-resistant mite races. The aim of the research was to develop and test the system of protecting intensive apple orchards of Krasnogvardeisky and Nizhnegorsky districts of the Republic of Crimea from mites of Tetranychidae family - hawthorn mite Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) with the help of predatory phytoseiidae mites Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant). In-process system tests were carried out in 2019-2020 on plots where in 2015-2018 the acarocomplex was formed using methods of population development and seasonal colonization. After the acarocomplex formation, an assessment of its resistance to toxic effect of plant protecting agents used in farms was carried out. The studies confirmed that the acarocomplex of predatory mites developed in three years allowed to reduce the number of diapausing females of A. viennensis by 87% and the pest population density in the summer period, to prevent outbreak of phytophagous population in the spring period of 2019-2020. It was proven that pyrethroid class preparation with the active ingredient tau-fluvalinat reduced the number of predators by 99%. Partial recovery of the population density due to the migration of native species of predators was observed in 2-3 months. Outbreak of the number of phytophagous mites on the plots where the acarocomplex of predatory mites was developed was due to the use of toxic preparations and the appearance of resistant to acaricides phytophagous mite races.

scholarly journals Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen der Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) und Roten Spinne, Panonychus ulmi im Südtiroler Apfelanbau

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Parth ◽  
Stefanie Fischnaller ◽  
Manuel Messner ◽  
Manfred Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Amblyseius Andersoni ◽  
Kampimodromus Aberrans ◽  
Euseius Finlandicus

Von 2014 bis 2017 wurden intensive Untersuchungen zum Raubmilbenvorkommen (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) und Auftreten der Roten Spinne Panonychus ulmi (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) in ausgewählten Apfelanalgen in Südtirol (Italien) angestellt. Die Populationsdichten der Milben wurden wiederholt an bis zu 50 Standorten im Etschtal und Vinschgau erhoben. In 27 Apfelanlagen wurde im Verlauf der Jahre 2015-2017 die Artenzusammensetzung blattbesiedelnder sowie an Aststrukturen überwinternder Raubmilben eingehend untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 5581 Raubmilben einer morphologischen Artbestimmung unterzogen. Sechs Phytoseiiden-Arten wurden nachgewiesen. Amblyseius andersoni (Chant 1957) konnte an allen Untersuchungstandorten gefunden werden und wies eine Individuendominanz von 80% auf. Ein permanentes Vorkommen von Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten 1857) und Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans 1915) wurde an 18,5% bzw. 7,4% der Standorte festgestellt. Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans 1930), Paraseiulus talbii (Athias-Henriot 1960) und Typhlodromus bakeri (Garman 1948) wurden sporadisch nachgewiesen. Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor 1954) wurde erstmals am Apfel in Südtirol nachgewiesen. Der P. ulmi-Befall im Untersuchungsgebiet erwies sich, sofern gegeben, als äußerst gering. Eine wesentliche Zunahme der Populationsdichten von P. ulmi und eine diesbezügliche Schadwirkung wurden nicht festgestellt.

Effects of acaricides on Oligonychus sp. and compatibility with predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos E. Cua-Basulto ◽  
Esaú Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Alfonzo Pérez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Rodolfo Martín-Mex ◽  
Ángel Nexticapan-Garcéz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus

scholarly journals AGGRESSIVENESS AND PREDATION PREFERENCE OF PREDATORY MITES AMBLYSEIUS SWIRSKII (ATHIAS-HENRIOT), NEOSEIULUS CALIFORNICUS (MCGREGOR) AND PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS (ATHIAS-HENRIOT) (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) TOWARDS TO HETEROSPECIFIC LARVAE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Somayeh Haghani ◽  
Azadeh Zahedi Golpayegani ◽  
Alireza Saboori ◽  
Hossein Allahrari
Keyword(s):  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Behavioral characteristics such as aggressiveness and predation preference of the phytoseiid predatory species, Amblyseius swirskii, Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were investigated when applied together. We quantified the chance and time of a successful attack to a heterospecific larva as aggressiveness of adult females. In order to the determine the predation preference of adult females equal combination of con/heterospecific larvae were presented to as prey in absence of their main prey (Tetranychus urticae Koch) for 24 h. Experiments were carried out in growth chamber at 25±1 ºC, 65±5% RH and 16:8 (L: D) hour photoperiod regimens. The results showed that adult females of N. californicus needed 39.65±7.46 min. to attack and kill the larva of P. persimilis which was remarkably less than that recorded (227.80±28.38 min.) for adult females of P. persimilis to attack and kill N. californicus larva. N. californicus was estimated more aggressive than P. persimilis. The mean estimated attack time of A. swirskii and P. persimilis was estimated 18.55±2.89 and 201.70±25.42 min., respectively. A. swirskii was considered more aggressive than P. persimilis against heterospecific larvae. The predation preference index (Manly´s β) were indicated that N. californicus was able to recognize con/heterospecific larva, resulted more preference for heterospecific larvae (P. persimilis) in absence of T. urticae, while adult P. persimilis showed no preference (between con and heterospecific larva). Manly´s β, for A. swirskii was 0.706 and 0.294, for P. persimilis 0.369 and 0.630 on hetero and conspecific larvae, respectively. Results of this study showed that, A. swirskii and N. californicus are general predators were able to roecgnize con/heterospecific larva and preferred to feed on heterospecific larvae and get benefit from intraguild predation.

scholarly journals Intraguild predation in three generalist predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten M. Momen ◽  
Amira Abdel-Khalek
Keyword(s):  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Intraguild Predator

Abstract Background The predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), N. barkeri (Hughes), and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, are important predators attacking many insect and mite pests. They can coexist in the same habitat and engage in intraguild predation (IGP). Main body IGP was assessed among the exotic one N. californicus and the native species N. barkeri and A. swirskii as Intraguild predator (IG-predator)/intraguild prey (IG-prey) in either absence or presence of extra-guild prey Tetranychus urticae Koch (EG-prey). In the laboratory, the physiological parameters, longevity, fecundity, and predation rate of these predatory mites’ females, fed on EG-prey, were evaluated, where phytoseiid larvae are considered as (IG-prey) or combined IG-prey with EG-prey. All predatory species consumed larval stages of each other’s, but in case of N. californicus, females failed to sustain oviposition on N. barkeri larvae. Also, it was noticed that N. californicus females killed 3 times more A. swirskii larvae than N. barkeri larvae, whereas A. swirskii consumed more N. californicus than N. barkeri larvae, respectively. Neoseiulus californicus lived longer on T. urticae and A. swirskii larvae than on N. barkeri, while the latter survived longer on T. urticae only than on the other prey or with combinations with T. urticae. Amblyseius swirskii lived shorter when fed exclusively on T. urticae or IG-prey than on EG-prey combined with IG-prey. In choice experiments, N. californicus showed a higher preference to consume more T. urticae than any of phytoseiid larvae. The comparison between T. urticae and IG-prey diets definite the higher influence of T. urticae on the fecundity in N. californicus and N. barkeri than on IG-prey, whereas in A. swirskii fecundity was as equal on T. urticae as on IG-prey N. californicus larvae. Conclusion A. swirskii seemed to be the strongest IG-predator.

Release, establishment, and movement of the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on apple

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Marshall ◽  
H.M.A. Thistlewood ◽  
P.J. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Augmentative Release ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractIn Ontario apple [Malus × domestica Mill. (Rosaceae)] orchards, the application of certain pesticides kills phytoseiid predatory mites and causes outbreaks of phytophagous mites. We released a strain of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae), obtained from Nova Scotia and with organophosphate- and pyrethroid-resistant traits, into adjacent ’McIntosh’ and ’Red Delicious’ apple orchards and followed its progress over four seasons. The T. pyri strain established in the orchards, became the dominant predator, and was associated with low densities of the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi Koch and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae). It moved slowly through the orchards and took 4 years to reach the 28th tree (84 m) from the release point in both orchards. The predominant wind direction did not appear to influence T. pyri movement. It was present in high numbers on release trees, or trees near these release trees, each summer after release, unlike other predatory species including Typhlodromus caudiglans (Schuster) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae). This species appears particularly useful for biological control of phytophagous mites in Ontario and is worthy of further testing for conservation and augmentative release.

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