scholarly journals Kontrasepsi Darurat dan Permasalahannya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Erna Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Copper Intrauterine Device

Abstract: Emergency contraception is a contraceptive method that can prevent pregnancy if used immediately following unprotected sex. The use of emergency contraception could reduce the rate of unwanted pregnancy by up to 50%. There are two emergency contraceptive methods, including the emergency contraceptive pill and copper intrauterine device (IUD). Emergency contraceptive pills should be taken immediately following unprotected sex and are most effective when taken within 24 hours. IUD as an emergency contraceptive can be applied five days after unprotected sex, and it does not cause abortion. There is no absolute contraindication for emergency contraception except for known pregnancy, and simply because it is ineffective. The efficacy of emergency contraception can be defined by the proportion of women who become pregnant after using this method and the total pregnancy observed after using the method divided by the estimated number of pregnancies that would occur without using the method.Keywords: emergency contraception; sexual intercourse; pregnancy  Abstrak: Kontrasepsi darurat dapat mencegah kehamilan bila digunakan segera setelah senggama. Penggunaan kontrasepsi darurat dapat menurunkan angka kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan hingga 50%. Terdapat dua metode kontrasepsi darurat, yaitu pil kontrasepsi darurat dan alat kontrasepsi dalam rahim (AKDR) yang menggunakan tembaga. Pil kontrasepsi darurat harus diberikan sesegera mungkin setelah senggama tidak terlindungi, dan paling efektif bila diberikan dalam waktu 24 jam. AKDR sebagai kontrasepsi darurat dapat dipasang hingga lima hari pasca senggama tidak terlindungi. Kontrasepsi darurat terutama bekerja dengan mencegah fertilisasi, dan tidak menggugurkan kehamilan. Tidak ada kontraindikasi absolut untuk penggunaan kontrasepsi darurat kecuali kehamilan yang diketahui, dan ini hanya karena tidak efektif. Efektivitas kontrasepsi darurat dapat didefinisikan dari proporsi wanita menjadi hamil setelah menggunakan metode ini, dan jumlah kehamilan yang diamati setelah penggunaan dibagi dengan perkiraan jumlah kehamilan yang akan terjadi tanpa penggunaan.Kata kunci: kontrasepsi darurat; senggama; kehamilan

scholarly journals Clinical Pharmacology of Hormonal Emergency Contraceptive Pills

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia M. J. Matyanga ◽  
Blessing Dzingirai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

Emergency contraceptives play a major role in preventing unwanted pregnancy. The use of emergency contraceptives is characterized by myths and lack of knowledge by both health professionals and users. The main objective of this paper is to summarize the clinical pharmacology of hormonal methods of emergency contraception. A literature review was done to describe in detail the mechanism of action, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and drug interactions of hormonal emergency contraceptive pills. This information is useful to healthcare professionals and users to fully understand how hormonal emergency contraceptive methods work.

scholarly journals Emerging Options for Emergency Contraception

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CMRH.S8145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Koyama ◽  
Laura Hagopian ◽  
Judith Linden
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Ulipristal Acetate ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Copper Intrauterine Device

Emergency post-coital contraception (EC) is an effective method of preventing pregnancy when used appropriately. EC has been available since the 1970s, and its availability and use have become widespread. Options for EC are broad and include the copper intrauterine device (IUD) and emergency contraceptive pills such as levonorgestrel, ulipristal acetate, combined oral contraceptive pills (Yuzpe method), and less commonly, mifepristone. Some options are available over-the-counter, while others require provider prescription or placement. There are no absolute contraindications to the use of emergency contraceptive pills, with the exception of ulipristal acetate and mifepristone. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, side effects, clinical considerations, and patient preferences with respect to EC usage. The decision of which regimen to use is influenced by local availability, cost, and patient preference.

scholarly journals Emergency Contraceptive Pills: South East Asia Regional Training Manual

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Health Situation

This manual aims to equip Master Trainers with appropriate knowledge on emergency contraceptive pills that can be used by a woman to prevent an unwanted pregnancy within three days of unprotected intercourse or a contraceptive accident such as condom leakage. The manual discusses emergency contraceptive pills and the provision of related services. After a day’s training, Master Trainers will have the knowledge and skills necessary to train service providers and workers on emergency contraceptive pills. Clinicians and program managers who would like to provide services or information on emergency contraceptive pills would also benefit from the manual. The manual is divided into four sessions. The first session provides an overview of the demographic and reproductive health situation in South Asia and discusses the role of emergency contraception as a reproductive health intervention. The second session defines emergency contraception and discusses details of when and how emergency contraceptive pills should be taken. Service delivery guidelines are covered in the third session. The fourth session covers counseling on emergency contraceptive pills and frequently asked questions.

scholarly journals Training service providers on emergency contraception: Lessons learned from an OR study

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
National Family Planning

The Bangladesh Directorate of Family Planning in collaboration with the Population Council, Pathfinder International, and John Snow, Inc. is conducting an operations research project to test the feasibility of introducing emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) in the national family planning (FP) program and to answer operational questions on implementing the use of ECP efficiently. In Bangladesh, 1.2 million births are unplanned and the number of menstrual regulation/abortions is increasing. ECP could be a good reproductive health intervention for women since it gives them a chance to avoid unwanted pregnancy. ECP does not induce abortion. In fact, it helps in reducing the number of abortions. In Bangladesh, emergency contraception is relatively new and there is general lack of knowledge even among doctors. Thus, training providers will be a critical element for the introduction of ECP. The present feasibility study, detailed in this research update, has been undertaken to answer operational questions that need to be addressed while introducing ECP in the national FP program. The study has been carried out in two districts, Tangail and Mymensingh.

scholarly journals Use of emergency contraceptive pill in India: boon or bane

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Anjana Verma ◽  
Medha Mathur ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Mukesh Kabra ◽  
Suresh Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

It has been almost fifteen years since emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) have been made available over the counter in India. There have been concerns about the overuse/misuse of ECPs and probability to replace regular contraceptive methods. This article presents various facets of the use of emergency contraceptive pills in India and highlights the importance of potential research to prevent its misuse.

scholarly journals LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Sunita Ghike ◽  
Savita A Somalwar ◽  
Sulbha A Joshi ◽  
Anjali S Kawthalkar ◽  
Sheela H Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Protection Rate ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

ABSTRACT Hormonal emergency contraceptive drugs designed to prevent undesired pregnancy are available over the counter. In spite of availability of various contraceptive techniques, couple protection rate in our country is still inadequate. A large number of couples prefer to use emergency contraceptive pill instead of regular contraceptives. Though hormonal emergency contraceptives pills are highly effective and safe with fewer side effects, their failure rate is high when used in periovulatory period with increased chances of ectopic pregnancy. How to cite this article Jain SH, Ghike S, Gawande MS, Joshi SA, Kawthalkar AS, Somalwar SA. LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):87-88.

scholarly journals Emergency Contraceptives: Knowledge, Attitude and Prescription Practice of Primary Healthcare workers in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwest Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Mansur O. Raji ◽  
Sahiha Wakkala ◽  
Ummu Salma Mustapha ◽  
Usman Danmalam ◽  
Ismail A Raji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives ◽  
Prescription Practice

Background: Emergency contraception refers to methods of contraception that can be used to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse. About thirty percent of all pregnancies, and 61% of all unintended pregnancies, ended in an induced abortion in Nigeria, and many women with unwanted pregnancies decide to end them by abortion. Healthcare providers' knowledge and attitude towards emergency contraception is very important for dissemination of awareness, consumer acceptance and use of contraceptives, as health care workers interact with large numbers of women and are reliable sources of information. This study aimed to assess healthcare workers' emergency contraception knowledge, attitude and prescription practice. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. Healthcare workers providing services in Primary Health care facilities of Sokoto metropolis were studied. Using formula for sample size estimation for crosssectional study, a total of 419 respondents were recruited into the study using systematic sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a structured interviewer administered questionnaire and data was collected by means of Open Data Kit for android App and analysed using IBM SPSS statistical software package version 23. Univariate and bivariate analysis were conducted; level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Few (39.9%) respondents knew that Intra uterine contraceptive devices can be used for emergency contraception, only 15.4% knew how emergency contraceptives work. Most (75.4%) believed that emergency contraceptives should be available only on prescription; and 30.5% felt that emergency contraceptive pills promote irresponsible behaviour. More than half of the respondents (56.5%) had prescribed within the last one month, 48.7% of them prescribed less than 5 times within the month. Only 27(8.0%) have ever prescribed emergency contraceptive pills in advance of need. Conclusion: The study respondents had good knowledge of emergency contraceptives, albeit, with some misconceptions, they also demonstrated good attitude, however, the prescription practice was fair.

scholarly journals Exploring the Availability of Emergency Contraception in New Brunswick Pharmacies: A Mystery-Client Telephone Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Madison Borsella ◽  
Angel M. Foster
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

Although levonorgestrel-only emergency contraceptive pills (LNg-ECPs) have been available over the counter in Canada for more than a decade, barriers to access persist. We aimed to obtain information about the availability and cost of LNg-ECPs in New Brunswick. Using a mystery-client study design, we called all 207 non-specialty pharmacies in the province posing as a 17-year-old woman seeking something to prevent pregnancy after sex. We evaluated the information provided for accuracy and quality. The overwhelming majority of pharmacies (n = 180, 87%) had at least one brand of LNg-ECPs in stock; the price averaged CAD28.69 (USD21.65). Although the majority of pharmacy representatives provided accurate information about LNg-ECPs, a small number made incorrect statements about the timeframe for use, side effects, and mechanism of action. In nine interactions (4%) pharmacy representatives incorrectly indicated that a male partner could not obtain LNg-ECPs; none indicated that parental involvement was required to procure LNg-ECPs. None of the pharmacy representatives referenced any other modality of emergency contraception, including ulipristal acetate. Our findings suggest that LNg-ECPs are widely available and that most pharmacy representatives are providing accurate medical and regulatory information. However, supporting the continuing education of pharmacists and pharmacy staff, particularly around alternative modalities of emergency contraception, appears warranted.

scholarly journals The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills—A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6720
Author(s):  
Bernhard Langer ◽  
Sophia Grimm ◽  
Gwenda Lungfiel ◽  
Franca Mandlmeier ◽  
Vanessa Wenig
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Patient ◽  
Guideline Recommendation ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Patient Study ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

Background: In Germany, there are two different active substances, levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), available as emergency contraception (the “morning after pill”) with UPA still effective even 72 to 120 h after unprotected sexual intercourse, unlike LNG. Emergency contraceptive pills have been available without a medical prescription since March 2015 but are still only dispensed by community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to determine the counselling and dispensing behaviour of pharmacy staff and the factors that may influence this behaviour in a scenario that intends that only the emergency contraceptive pill containing the active substance UPA is dispensed (appropriate outcome). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the form of a covert simulated patient study in a random sample of community pharmacies stratified by location in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and reported in accordance with the STROBE statement. Each pharmacy was visited once at random by one of four trained test buyers. They simulated a product-based request for an emergency contraceptive pill, stating contraceptive failure 3.5 days prior as the reason. The test scenario and the evaluation forms are based on the recommended actions, including the checklist from the Federal Chamber of Pharmacies. Results: All 199 planned pharmacy visits were carried out. The appropriate outcome (dispensing of UPA) was achieved in 78.9% of the test purchases (157/199). A significant correlation was identified between the use of the counselling room and the use of a checklist (p < 0.001). The use of a checklist led to a significantly higher questioning score (p < 0.001). In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, a higher questioning score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.22–1.63; p < 0.001) and a time between 12:01 and 4:00 p.m. (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.13–5.73; p = 0.024) compared to 8:00 to 12:00 a.m. were significantly associated with achieving the appropriate outcome. Conclusions: In a little over one-fifth of all test purchases, the required dispensing of UPA did not occur. The use of a counselling room and a checklist, the use of a checklist and the questioning score as well as the questioning score and achieving the appropriate outcome are all significantly correlated. A target regulation for the use of a counselling room, an explicit guideline recommendation about the use of a checklist, an obligation for keeping UPA in stock and appropriate mandatory continuing education programmes should be considered.

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